Jetstream 31 (J31) Preliminary Flight Plans for INTEX-B/MILAGRO Campaign, 1-21 March 2006 Phil Russell, Jens Redemann, Brian Cairns, Ralph Kahn, Antony Clarke, Charles Gatebe, Michael Gaunce

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Jetstream 31 (J31) Preliminary Flight Plansfor
INTEX-B/MILAGRO Campaign, 1-21 March 2006
Phil Russell, Jens Redemann, Brian Cairns,
Ralph Kahn, Antony Clarke, Charles Gatebe,
Michael Gaunce
Presented at SENEAM-MILAGRO ATC/Air Crews
MeetingMexico City, 2 December 2005
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Jetstream-31 in INTEX-B/MILAGRO
Parameter Specification
Length 47 2
Wingspan 52
Ceiling 25,000
Airspeed Max cruise 16,000 Survey 220 kt 150 kt
Range 850 nmi
Endurance 5 hr (incl 1 hr reserve)
Specs Performance
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Introduction
This is a collection of preliminary flight plans
for J31 operations out ofVeracruz and flights
over the Gulf of Mexico, land areas downwind of
the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), and
possibly MCMA and the Pacific Ocean, during the
March 2006 MILAGRO campaign. As with the
preliminary flight plans for the other MILAGRO
aircraft, they are based on the following
assumptions

• These drafts are intended to initiate
  negotiations with SENEAM on final flight plans
  that will accomplish as many of our scientific
  objectives as possible within the constraints of
  their air-traffic control system.
• These plans may not include all flight scenarios
  parts of them may be combined but in general they
  would be shortened rather than lengthened for
  actual operations.
• Extensive ground-based measurements will be made
  at two sites to the north of the MCMA, at
  distances approximately 20 and 40 miles from the
  center of the MCMA, representing two times, T1
  and T2, in the chemical and physical evolution
  of material transported away from the MCMA, under
  southerly wind conditions.

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The scientific goals of the J31 require flights
containing the basic elements or patterns shown
below.

• Survey Vertical Profile.
• (2) Minimum-Altitude Transect.
• (3) Parking Garage (Stepped Profile with legs of
  3-10 minutes).
• (3') Parking Garage with CAR Maneuvers.
• (4) Above-Cloud Transect.
• (4') Above-Cloud CAR Maneuver.

• All J31 scientific instruments measure sunlight,
  which is strongly influenced by clouds.
• Hence, J31 flight patterns are cloud-sensitive
  many seek to avoid clouds, while others seek to
  fly above certain types of clouds.
• Because clouds can change quickly and are
  difficult to predict, J31 flight plans usually
  require flexibility to change in response to
  clouds.
• One purpose of this package is to find out from
  SENEAM what areas and conditions are most likely
  to give us the needed flexibility.

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CAR Orbit to measure BRDF
Typical flight pattern for CAR BRDF measurements.
Flight patterns at several attitudes and Sun
angles will be flown during MILAGRO. CARCloud
Absorption Radiometer BRDFBidirectional
Reflectance Distribution Function
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J31 FlightsOperational Overview

• 10-20 Science Flights from Veracruz (1-21 March
  2006)
• Typical flight duration 2-4 hours (45 hours
  total)
• All flights during daylight hours. Nominal
  takeoff between 8 AM and 4 PM local. Fly seven
  days/week.
• 7 preliminary flight plans to illustrate goals,
  with flights over Gulf of Mexico, land areas
  downwind of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
  (MCMA), and possibly MCMA and the Pacific Ocean.
• Arrive VER from US 28 Feb 2006. Depart VER 22 Mar
  2006.
• "Parking Garage" pattern is a stepped profile
  with horizontal legs 3-10 minutes long.
• Timing is critical on flights coordinated with
  satellite overpasses and with other aircraft.

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The A-Train is a set of satellites that fly in
sequence over a common ground track
Many J31 flights will include legs or profiles
under the A-Train or other satellites
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FLIGHT J31A CALIPSO/A-Train underflight, LaRC KA
underflight, CAR maneuvers
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time (UT)
1 19.15 -96.19 100 1846
2 20.02 -94.16 23,000 1923
2 20.02 -94.16 200 1953
3 21.71 -94.44 200 2041
3 21.71 -94.44 23,000 2106
3 21.71 -94.44 2,000 2131
3 21.71 -94.44 200 2141
4 19.33 -96.11 23,000 2232
4 19.33 -96.11 23,000 2242
4 19.33 -96.11 200 2307
5 19.15 -96.21 2,000 2311
5 19.15 -96.21 2,000 2339
6 19.15 -96.19 100 2341
Duration 455

• 2. 5 minutes straight level, then spiral
  descent on CALIPSO/A-Train track.
• 2-3. Minimum-altitude leg under A-Train track for
  gradients of
• AOD (CALIPSO, MODIS-Aqua, OMI-Aura, POLDER),
• Water vapor (TES-Aura, AIRS-Aqua, MODIS-Aqua)
• Radiation (J31 SSFR)
• Spiral up, 5 min straight level, then parking
  garage down in MC outflow. CAR orbits at 2,000 ft
  in parking garage.
• 3-4. Climb above aerosols near midpoint of leg.
• 4. 10 min straight level with LaRC King Air,
  then spiral down in LaRC King Air curtain (see
  Flight KA1).
• CAR maneuvers AERONET rendezvous at min alt
• Matches with plan KA8

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FLIGHT J31B Spirals low leg under LaRC KA, CAR
maneuvers (Possible MISR/MODIS Terra underflight,
AEGIS simulation)
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time since takeoff
1 19.15 -96.19 100 000
2 19.16 -95.91 200 006
2 19.16 -95.91 20,000 036
3 20.01 -98.91 M.P. 147
3 20.01 -98.91 23,000 217
4 20.12 -97.06 23,000 259
4 20.12 -97.06 2,000 329
5 19.15 -96.19 100 351
Duration 351
M.P. Minimum Permitted altitude

• 2. Spiral up under King Air, then 5 min straight
  level with KA
• 2-3. Minimum-altitude leg under King Air
• Spiral ascent under King Air in MC outflow at T2,
  then 5 min straight level with KA
• Car maneuvers over vegetation
• AERONET Cimel rendezvous on landing at airport
• Matches with plan KA9

AEGIS is an aerosol/cloud satellite mission
concept being developed by GSFC, GISS, Langley,
and JPL.
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FLIGHT J31C Spirals with C-130 and/or under King
Air, Parking Garage at T1 (Possible MISR/MODIS
Terra underflight, AEGIS simulation)
Pt. Lat Lon Altitude (ft) Time since takeoff
1 19.15 -96.19 100 000
2 19.17 -95.96 200 005
2 19.17 -95.96 20,000 035
3 19.71 -98.98 20,000 145
3 19.71 -98.98 M.P. 210
3 19.71 -98.98 6,000 226
3 19.71 -98.98 23,000 250
4 19.33 -96.18 23,000 333
4 19.33 -96.18 200 358
5 19.15 -96.19 100 401
Duration 401
M.P. Minimum Permitted altitude

• 2. Spiral up coordinated with C-130 and/or under
  King Air, then 5 min straight level in solar
  principal plane
• Spiral down coordinated with C-130 and/or under
  King Air in MC outflow at T1
• 3. Parking garage in MC outflow at T1, including
  CAR orbits at 6,000 ft.
• Spiral down coordinated with C-130 and/or under
  King Air
• Matches with plan KA10

AEGIS is an aerosol/cloud satellite mission
concept being developed by GSFC, GISS, Langley,
and JPL.
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FLIGHT J31D Terra MISR MODIS underflight,
Radiation gradient under MC outflow, Cimel leg
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time (UT)
1 19.15 -96.19 100 1500
2 22.51 -96.08 200 1633
2 22.51 -96.08 23,000 1708
2 22.51 -96.08 2,000 1739
2 22.51 -96.08 200 1743
3 19.27 -96.15 200 1912
3 19.27 -96.15 23,000 1947
4 19.15 -96.19 100 1951
Duration 451

• 1-2. Minimum-altitude leg under Terra MISR swath
  for gradients of
• AOD, Angstrom exponent (MISR, MODIS-Terra),
• Water vapor (MODIS-Terra)
• Radiation (J31 SSFR)
• Spiral ascent in MC outflow including Terra
  overpass time (1654, 17Mar06), then 5 min
  straight level in solar principal plane, then
  parking garage with CAR BRDF measurement at 2,000
  ft. Coordinate spiral w DC-8?
• 2-3. Repeat minimum-altitude gradient leg on
  return
• Spiral up, then 5 min straight level above
  polarized Cimel at airport.
• Matches with plan KA11

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FLIGHT J31E CALIPSO/A-Train underflight, NASA
King Air DC-8 coordination in MC outflow, Urban
CAR maneuvers
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time (UT)
1 19.15 -96.19 100 1743
2 19.20 -96.01 200 1746
2 19.20 -96.01 200 1748
3 22.50 -97.02 200 1923
4 22.38 -97.29 200 1931
4 22.38 -97.29 200 1933
5 22.50 -97.02 200 1941
5 22.50 -97.02 23,000 2006
5 22.50 -97.02 200 2036
6 22.30 -97.86 2,000 2052
6 22.30 -97.86 8,000 2132
7 19.15 -96.19 100 2229
Duration 446
2-3. Minimum-altitude leg under A-Train King
Air for gradients of - AOD (CALIPSO, MODIS-Aqua,
OMI-Aura, POLDER), - Water vapor (TES-Aura,
AIRS-Aqua, MODIS-Aqua) - Radiation (J31
SSFR) 3-4-5. Orthogonal low-altitude leg to
define gradients below coming spiral. 5
(3). Spiral up, then 5 min straight level in
solar principal plane, then parking garage in MC
outflow including CALIPSO overpass time (1953 UT,
3Mar06). Coordinate spiral w DC-8. 5-6. Climb
above aerosols 6. CAR maneuvers at 2,000, 6,000,
8,000 ft.
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FLIGHT J31F Pacific CALIPSO/A-Train underflight,
CAR BRDF maneuvers over MC AERONET Cimel
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time (UT)
1 19.15 -96.19 100 1740
2 16.07 -98.57 200 1848
3 16.46 -98.79 200 1901
3 16.46 -98.79 200 1903
4 16.09 -98.66 200 1913
5 16.08 -99.08 200 1925
5 16.08 -99.08 200 1927
6 16.07 -98.64 200 1938
6 16.07 -98.64 23,000 2008
7 19.43 -99.15 2,000 2104
7 19.43 -99.15 8,000 2144
8 19.15 -96.19 100 2230
Duration 450
2-6. Orthogonal minimum-altitude legs (possibly
over stratus) to define gradients below upcoming
spiral. 6. Spiral up including CALIPSO overpass
time (2003 UT, 17Mar06), then 5 min straight
level in solar principal plane. 7. CAR maneuvers
over MC at 2,000, 6,000, 8,000 ft over MC AERONET
Cimel.
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FLIGHT J31G Yucatan bioburn plume study
Pt. Lat Lon Alti- tude (ft) Time (UT)
1 19.15 -96.19 100 000
2 22.00 -90.00 20,000 100
2 22.00 -90.00 200 125
3 22.00 -93.00 200 248
3 22.00 -93.00 23,000 323
3 22.00 -93.00 200 403
4 18.70 -93.00 200 544
4 18.70 -93.00 23,000 544
5 19.15 -96.19 100 712
Duration 712
Note Plan needs to be shortened and/or broken up
to add refueling stops near WP 2 4.

• 2. Spiral down in bioburn plume
• 2-3. Transit under plume at 200 ft.
• Spiral up to 23,000 ft, then 5 min straight
  level RSP leg in solar principal plane, parking
  garage down to 200 ft.
• 3-4. Transit at 200 ft. or above low cloud deck.
• 4. Parking garage up.
• 4-5. Transit to Veracruz at altitude.