Vocabulary

1
Vocabulary

• Bourgeoisie
• Deficit spending
• Faction
• Émigré
• Republic
• Suffrage
• Nationalism

• Secular
• Plebiscite
• Annex
• Blockade
• Guerrilla warfare
• Abdicate
• legitimacy

2
The French Revolution and Napoleon

• (1789-1815)

24 questions
3
Three Social Classes

• The clergy, or First Estate
• The nobility, or Second Estate
• Third Estate
• Bourgeoisieupper middle class)
• Sans-culottelower middle class
• Peasantsapprox. 90

4
Problems in 1789

• Social discontent
• 3rd estate paid for everything
• Severe financial crisis
• Deficit spending
• Serious food shortages
• Bread riots

5
The Kings Louis

• Louis XV 1715-1774
• Pleasure before business
• Ran up huge debts
• Louis XVI
• Weak and indecisive
• Called the Estates General to carry out reforms

6
Third Estate defied the king

• Claimed they represented the people
• Mostly landed wealthy middle class
• Proclaimed themselves the National Assembly
• After thinking the king had locked them out of
  the meeting

• Vowed not to disband until they had drawn up a
  constitution for France
• Tennis court oath

7
Bastille

• On July 14, 1789 afraid that royal troops were
  going to occupy Paris
• Angry Parisians stormed the Bastille thinking
  that it had weapons
• The event that quickly became the symbol of the
  French Revolution.

98 were killed 73 wounded
8
National Assembly

• Ended feudal privileges
• Reorganized the Church
• Issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man
• Set up a limited monarchy

The aim of every political association is the
preservation of the natural and imprescriptibly
rights of man. These rights are liberty,
property, security, and resistance to oppression
9
Summary

• Write a summary of your notes using at least four
  sentences.

10
European Nobilitys Reaction

• June 1791 Louis and Marie try to escape but are
  caught
• The Parisians now considered him a traitor to the
  revolution
• Denounced the reforms of the French Revolution
• They threaten to intervene if necessary to
  protect the King.
• By 1792, France was at war with most of Europe.

11
The Jacobins

• Radical revolutionaries take control to the
  Assembly
• Declare war on Europes tyrannical monarchs

12
4 Stages of The Revolution

• Stage one
• In 1792, radicals took control of the National
  Assembly
• Abolished the monarchy
• Wrote a constitution (Republic)
• In 1793, they executed Louis XVI (June) and queen
  Marie Antoinette (Oct) Louis XVII died in prison

13
Stage Two The Reign of Terror

• July 1793 to July 1794
• Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety
• Religious toleration
• Abolished slavery

• Republic of Virtue
• Liberty cannot be secured, unless criminals lose
  their heads
• Sent 40,000 French citizens to their deaths on
  the guillotine
• 15 nobility, 15 middle class and 70 traitors?

14
The Guillotine

• 10/10/1789 On the second day of the Assembly
  debate about the Penal Code, Dr Guillotin
  submitted a proposition in six articles which
  included a recommendation that death, without the
  accompaniment of torture and by means of
  decapitation, should become the sole and standard
  form of capital punishment in France.

15
Stage Three

• The Directory 1795-1799
• Convention members turn on the committee
• Robespierre and members lose their heads
• New constitution
• Creates five member Directory
• Weak but dictatorial
• Causes chaos
• Politicians turn to a military hero
• Napoleon Bonaparte (stage four)

16
By 1799 France Had Changed

• Old social order gone
• Monarchy overthrown
• Church under state control
• Nationalism grows (National identity)
• Social reforms
• State schools, Social security for elderly,
  Abolished slavery, Religious toleration

17
Summary

• Write a summary of your notes using at least four
  sentences.

18
The Age of Napoleon

• Rise to power
• War hero and helped over throw the Directory
• 1799 member of new 3 man Consulate
• 1802 named himself First Consul
• 1804 crowned himself Emperor of the French
• With each step he held a Plebiscite or ballot

19
Napoleon Reformed France

• Regulated the economy by price controls, New
  industry, Public works, Trained civil service,
  public schools, religious freedom and encouraged
  the emigres to return
• Instituted the Napoleonic Code based on
  enlightenment principles and Roman law
• Equality before the law
• Religious toleration
• Merit advancement

20
Napoleons Grand Empire1804 to 1814

• Subdued the combined forces of the great European
  powers
• Built a vast empire by annexing lands, making
  alliances, and war
• In Spain he put his brother Joseph on the throne
• Guerilla warfare (little war)
• English helped the guerillas

21
The Russian Campaign

• Sent his Grand Army (600,000)
• Scorched earth
• 10,000 returned

22
The End of an Era

• 1st Downfall
• Spurred by rising nationalism
• Nations across Europe mounted rebellions against
  French rule
• Following a failed invasion of Russia and a major
  defeat at Leipzig
• Napoleon Abdicated (1813)
• sent to Elba
• Louis XVIII became King of France
• Return
• The French were afraid the old ways would return
• Napoleon escapes and many soldiers flock to his
  banner
• March 1815 he enters Paris to cheering crowds
• 2nd Downfall
• June 18, 1815 he meets his Waterloo
• Exiled to St. Helena

23
Napoleon Legacy

• Code, constitution, elections, property rights,
  education
• Spread revolutionary ideas, sparked nationalistic
  feelings, Louisiana territory

24
The Congress of Vienna

• Tried to restore stability and order in Europe.
• Redrew national boundaries
• Restored hereditary monarchies
• Created the Concert of Europe
• To maintain the balance of power
• To suppress any uprisings inspired by the ideas
  of the French Revolution

25
Summary

• Write a summary of your notes using at least four
  sentences.

26
Industrial Revolution is next