Automatic Person Location Technologies and Solutions for Public Safety Users

1
Automatic Person Location Technologies and
Solutions for Public Safety Users

• Michael Ng
• Asia Regional Director
• SEPURA Limited
• Singapore

2
Agenda

• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of current location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions

3
Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

4
Introduction to Sepura

• Headquarters Cambridge, UK
• 30 months old with 50years of history
• Simoco/Philips/Pye
• ISO9001 2000
• Privately owned with 20 owned by staff through a
  share option scheme
• Approx 150 staff and expanding
• Designs, develops and sells TETRA terminals
• Products manufactured by Siemens

5
Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

6
Market Requirement APLS

• FCC E911 Mandate in the US
• Call centres
• Terminal or Network implemented solutions
• 50 - 100 metre accuracy for at least 67 of cases
• 150 - 300 metre accuracy for at least 95 of
  cases
• EU E112 Mandate in Europe
• No defined accuracy specified !
• Many Emergency Services mandating APLS

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Market Requirement - Public Safety

• Specifically for -
• Safety of the police officer ability to locate
  officer in an emergency situation and react
  accordingly
• Resource (person or vehicle) management

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Solution Influencing Factors

• Price
• Driven by GSM market realise only part of GPS
  abilities
• Accuracy verses coverage
• Requirements differ for non emergency
• Varying locations - in city, in building
• Ergonomics
• Power consumption
• Timing of solution to reach the market
• Standard solution or proprietary ?
• Can the solution be supported by TETRA ?
• Network support and bandwidth requirements

9
Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

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Command Control Requirements

• Effective management of data
• Bandwidth and network requirements differ from
  AVLS
• User needs to feel unthreatened by APLS
• Updated positioning details fixed to various
  duties
• Linking of various systems/databases to provide
  officer with advance warning of possible dangers

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Resource Management

• Know where someone is save LIFE
• Better allocation of resources, prompt reaction
  to an Emergency save TIME
• Better Control of the fleet save MONEY

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Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

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Location Solutions Performance

• Low accuracy, low cost solutions
• Triangulation for location determination using RF
  signals
• Time Difference Of Arrival
• Enhanced Observed Time Difference
• Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions
• Standard GPS
• Garmin Megallan commercial GPS devices
• Assisted GPS
• Network assisted
• Sending information on the states of the
  satellites computation of locations to the radios
• Low Signal Strength GPS
• 1,000X more sensitive than std GPS
• High accuracy, high cost solutions
• Differential GPS
• Solutions combinations

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Low accuracy, low cost (terminal) solutions

• Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA)
• very costly to implement in the network
• accuracy of location is /- 500 metres
• Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD)
• low cost, no base station support now claimed
• accuracy of location is 200m - 2km
• Both technologies
• Have good indoor/urban canyon penetration, but
  with very poor accuracy - a general show stopping
  issue for network based solutions where location
  accuracy could be critical
• Are bandwidth hungry therefore not suitable for
  TETRA

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Network Based Solutions
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Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions

• Standard GPS
• time to first acquisition (fix) is typically 3
  mins
• gt30 metres accuracy, no indoors or urban canyon
  coverage
• Assisted GPS
• time to first acquisition is typically 30 secs
• gt30 metres accuracy, no indoor, urban canyon
• Low Signal Strength GPS (high sensitivity)
• time to first acquisition is typically 45 secs
• lt30 metres accuracy, indoors/urban canyons
• Note All the above have a location accuracy of
  lt10 metres for 95 of cases in open space

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Standard GPS - medium accuracy
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High accuracy, high cost solutions

• Differential GPS
• Open space accuracy lt10 metres off
• Expensive to implement with land based
  differential base stations required and regular
  network broadcasts
• Network bandwidth hungry
• Solution Combinations (GPSBeaconsOdometer)
• Accuracy anywhere between 0 - 10 metres
• Very expensive beacon network required to support
  this

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GPS - High accuracy
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Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

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Data over network - Size of problem!

• Typically, position report messages could carry
  some or all of the following
• Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Speed,
  Heading, Fix type, Confidence Level, Status, Fix
  Reason, Terminal ID, User Defined Field.
• Amount of message traffic generated by APLS
  systems is much larger than for AVLS
• Requires sophisticated filtering at command
  control

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TETRA services for APLS

• No specification for data amount or structure of
  GPS messages
• TETRA services allow use of SDS messaging for
  transmission of GPS data-
• EN 300 392-2 TETRA (Voice plus Data (VD), part
  2 Air Interface, v2.3.2
• SDS4 and SDS-TL delivers variable length messages
  to 2047 bits(255 bytes)
• Working papers-
• WG101161, Efficient transfer of location
  information over TETRA networks, UK Home office,
  Oct 2001
• WG103020, Study into TETRA SDS
• WG303040, Transfer of location information
• Sepura (and others) presenting papers to WG3
• Standardisation of location report messages and
  associated commands

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Agenda

• Introduction
• Market requirements for APLS for Public Safety
  users
• The command and control requirements of an APLS
  solution
• Review of location technologies
• TETRA services used for location solutions.
• Future of APLS enabled products for public safety
  users

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Future of APLS TETRA Terminals

• Technology Influenced Solutions
• Continuing integration of ICs and components
  enables space saving in handsets and is an
  opportunity to integrate location devices like
  GPS.
• With the introduction of TETRA2 (2005) there
  could be an opportunity for the network based
  location solutions as data rates increase over
  carriers.
• The European Galileo system should be operational
  by 2008 and this is supposed to perform better
  than GPS.

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Estimation of Future Location System Performance
Clear Sky Under Foliage Wooden
Building Urban Canyon Single Storey Brick
Building Multi Storey Concrete
building Underground?
High Quality Receiver
High Quality Hand Held Receiver
LSS GPS
Galileo
L1 L2 Frequency
L1, L2 L5 Frequency ( Galileo?)
GPSIII ( Galileo?)
Other Sensors e.g. Gyroscope, Accelerometers

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2010.. 2015 2020 2030
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Sepura APLS over TETRA Networks

• 2000- GPS connected to SEPURA SRP1000 for
  Ambleside Mountain Rescue Project
• 2002 - Remote GPS Unit demonstrated
• A remote speaker microphone with built-in GPS
  receiver, provides a unique solution for
  provision of personal location.

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Sepura APLS Update

• This year! SRP2000 sGPS
• The worlds first fully working TETRA handportable
  with built-in ultra sensitive GPS.
• Locates and track people even in built up city
  centres.
• Offering tangible benefits by providing user
  safety and resource management

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Conclusions

• Many different location technologies available
• Technology for both location based and TETRA is
  rapidly changing
• Low Signal Strength GPS currently provides the
  best fit for public safety requirements.
• Sepura has an ongoing programme to identify
  solutions and bring these quickly to market

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MANY THANKS

• Contact details-
• Michael Ng
• Asia Regional Director
• Sepura Ltd
• 65 9088 6863
• email michael.ng_at_sepura.com