Waterlimited Aquaculture

1
Water-limited Aquaculture (Chapter 5 and
additional material)

• Topics to be covered
• General water issues
• Aquaponics
• Aquaculture in geothermal waters
• Selection of species

2
Water-limited Aquaculture

• General water issues
• A consensus is emerging among researchers and
  managers that water quantity and quality are
  critical, if not the most important, issues in
  the field of natural resource management
• These concerns are of greater relevance for arid
  or semi-arid zones where water is relatively
  scarce

3
Water-limited Aquaculture
General water issues water resource competition
Major Uses of Water
Source Data Table Freshwater Resources and
Withdrawals, 1970-98, http//www.wri.org/wri/fact
s/data-tables.html.
4
Water-limited Aquaculture

• General water issues
• Strategies to minimize conflict and competition
  for water while maximizing efficiency
• The reuse of water, preferably in systems
  designed to meet multiple needs simultaneously
• One such system in agriculture that is receiving
  increasing attention is aquaponics, a form of
  Integrated Agri-Aquaculture Systems (IAASs)

5
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics
• Examples of conventional aquaculture pond,
  raceway culture, etc.
• Disadvantage of most conventional aquaculture
  relatively large volumes of water are required
  waste released into environment

6
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Examples of hydroponics

http//www.hydroponicsonline.com/images
7
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Advantages
• Aquaponic systems consume as little as 1 of the
  water consumed by conventional fish pond systems
• Nitrogenous fish waste is used for plant growth
• Dual-cropping
• No wastewater is released into the environment
• Hydroponic plants grow faster than those raised
  by conventional methods
• Organically raised crops (consumer appeal)?
• Intensive form of aquaculture

8
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Basic system components

9
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Outdoor aquaponics tropical climates

10
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Greenhouse aquaponics temperate and cold climates

11
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaponics aquaculture hydroponics
• Considerations
• Fingerling availability
• Extension service - problem solving
• Marketing
• As with other recirculating systems, maintenance
  of water quality is essential for the successful
  growth of fish in aquaponic systems
• Key to the success of fish health and plant
  growth in aquaponics is the nitrifying bacterial
  fauna
• Selection of plant crops need to consider
  tolerance to nitrogenous waste and salinity
  (salad greens, tomatoes, alfalfa, watermelons,
  etc.)

12
Water-limited Aquaculture

• Aquaculture in geothermal waters
• Geothermal water aquaculture has been developed
  commercially in places such as Israel
  (information discussed here is from chapter 5,
  which focuses on Israel's aquaculture)
• Up to 10 water exchange daily (in summer) is
  needed to maintain water quality
• Larger amounts of water needed in winter to
  maintain pond temperatures
• Heat transfer to fish ponds is either indirect
  (via heat exchanger) or direct (fish ponds
  supplied with geothermal water)
• Water conservation comes from use of this system
  in combination with other agricultural production
  systems (IAAS) also an intensive form of
  aquaculture
• Greenhouses are also used