Prejudice

1
Prejudice Discrimination

• A. Terms
• B. Does Racism Lead to Self-Hatred?
• C. Sources of Prejudice
• 1. Socialization
• 2. Social Structure
• 3. Motivation
• 4. Social Cognition
• Dissociation Model of Prejudice
• 5. Social Identity Theory

2
Terms

• Race vs. Ethnicity
• Ambiguity of Race
• Minority vs. Majority Status
• Genetics and Race

3
Genetics Race
Greater variability within races than between
races.
4
Terms

• Race vs. Ethnicity
• Ambiguity of Race
• Minority vs. Majority Status
• Genetics and Race

• Ethnicity
• Self-defined representation of ones heritage

5
Terms

• Stigma
• Any trait that makes a person different from the
  majority.
• Two types of Stigma
• Blatant
• Hidden

6
Terms

• Stereotype
• A generalized belief about members of social
  groups.
• Subtyping

7
Terms

• Prejudice
• A generalized attitude toward members of a social
  group.
• Types of Prejudice
• Racism Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory
  behavior toward people of a given race.
• Sexism Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory
  behavior toward people of a given sex.

8
Terms

• Discrimination
• Negative behaviors towards a group or its
  members.

9
Terms

• Modern Racism
• More subtle form racism and prejudice
• Endorse beliefs such as...
• Racism no longer exists.
• Certain groups have been pushing too hard for
  equal rights.
• The government has given certain groups too much
  preferential treatment.

10
Terms

• Targets of Prejudice
• Acceptable targets video
• Subtle displays of prejudice/discrimination
• Shoving Study

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Shoving Study
73
Rating Behavior as Violent
13
White Shover
Black Shover
12
Does Racism Lead to Self-Hatred?

• Evidence
• Doll Studies
• Self-esteem Studies
• Conclusion
• No clear support for the idea of self-hatred.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vrjy9q8VekmE

13
Does Racism Lead to Self-Hatred?

• Why dont stigmatized people have lower SE?
• Attribute prejudice externally
• Selectively compare with ingroup members
• Reduce the importance of dimension on which they
  fare worse
• Exception Obesity

14
Sources of Prejudice

• Socialization
• Direct observation of others
• Norms
• Not everyone conforms equally to norms
• Norms can be situational specific

15
Sources of Prejudice

• Socialization
• Media
• Two ways the media contributes to prejudice

• Placing certain groups in
• stereotypical roles
• Certain groups are under-represented
• Products

16
Sources of Prejudice

• Social Structure
• Inequalities
• Prompt explanations
• Institutional Support
• Laws that codify inequality and discrimination
• Underlying process The fundamental attribution
  error

17
Sources of Prejudice

• Motivation
• Just World Belief
• The world is just and that people get what they
  deserve.

• Why do we hold such a belief?

18
Sources of Prejudice

• Motivation

• 2. Frustration - aggression hypothesis
• Explains hostility at the group level.
  Frustration leads groups to act out against other
  groups.
• Scapegoat theory
• Redirection (displacement) of hostilities
  towards others
• Realistic conflict theory
• Robber's Cave Study

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Sources of Prejudice

• Motivation

• 3. Self-esteem Protection
• Derogating others to enhance personal standings.
  
• Mechanism Downward comparison.
• Passive
• Active

20
Sources of Prejudice

• Social Cognition
• Availability Heuristic
• Distinctiveness
• Representativeness Heuristic
• Racial profiling
• Illusory Correlations
• Confirmation Bias

21
Sources of Prejudice

• Social Cognition

• 5. Behavioral Confirmation
• Job Interview Study
• Part 1 White Ps interviewed White and Black job
  applicants.
• Results Interviewers behaved differently and
  thereby elicited different responses.
• Part 2 New interviewers who were trained to
  in-act black or white interviewer style, then
  interviewed white applicants.
• Results Black style elicited less effective
  behavior.

22
Sources of Prejudice

• Social Cognition

• Dissociation Model of Prejudice
• 2-step process to stereotyping
• Automatic Process Cultural stereotypes are
  automatically triggered.
• Controlled Process People decide whether to
  correct their automatic response.
• Individual Differences
• Ability

23
Social Identity Theory

• Cognition
• Categorizing We have a natural tendency to
  categorize people. Often we distinguish between
  ingroups and outgroups.
• Motivation Maintain positive identity
• Two components to ones identity
• Personal identity
• Based on personal attributes and accomplishments
• Many social identities
• As many as we have groups.

24
Social Identity Theory

• Ingroup Bias
• Research
• Minimal Group Paradigm
• Over vs. Under-estimators point distribution
• Trait ratings
• Relative Allocation

25
Social Identity Theory
Own Group
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10
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Other Group
1
3
5
7
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Social Identity Theory
Own Group
7
8
9
10
19
Other Group
1
3
5
7
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Social Identity Theory

• Results of the Ingroup Bias
• Outgroup homogeneity
• Why does this happen?
• Attending to salient vs. individuating features
• Ultimate attribution error
• Allocation of resources

Can lead to disparity
Disparity prompts explanations
28
Social Identity Theory

• Why do people show the ingroup bias?
• Cognition
• Social structure/interaction
• Motivation

29
Question
Imagine you could be totally invisible for 24
hours, could do anything humanly possible, and
were completely assured that you would not be
detected or held responsible, what would you do?