Davis Social Links

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Davis Social Links
S. Felix Wu Computer Science Department University
of California, Davis wu_at_cs.ucdavis.edu http//ww
w.cs.ucdavis.edu/wu/
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SMTP
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Internet
SMTP
Applications with Tests
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Internet Architecture Routing
SMTP

• Any identity (email address, IP, url) can
  communicate with any one else.
• Email, web, bittorrent, warcraft, skype

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Social-Control Routing
SMTP
Applications with Tests
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2
1
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Urgent! Please contact me!
FROMMR.CHEUNG PUI Hang Seng Bank Ltd Sai Wan Ho
Branch 171 Shaukiwan Road Hong Kong. Please
contact me on my personal box puicheungcheungpui_at_
yahoo.com Let me start by introducing myself. I
am Mr. Cheung Pui, director of operations of the
Hang Seng Bank Ltd,Sai Wan Ho Branch. I have a
obscured business suggestion for you. Before the
U.S and Iraqi war our client Major Fadi Basem who
was with the Iraqi forces and also business man
made a numbered fixed deposit for 18
calendar months, with a value of Twenty Four
millions Five Hundred Thousand United State
Dollars only in my branch. Upon maturity several
notice was sent to him,
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http//www.ebolamonkeyman.com/cheung.htm
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Pick your favor Spam Filter(s)
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This was considered a spam!
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This was considered a spam!
Sometimes, the cost of False Positive may be very
high
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The Implication of FPs

• Spam-filters have to be conservative
• We will have some false negatives in our own
  inboxes.
• We will use our own time to further filter..
• For me, 12 seconds per email

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The emails I received typically
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You have about 1 second to decide
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Social Spams

• They might not be spams as we often overlooked
  the social values of them!

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SMTP
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SMTP
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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
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The value of the Network

• Social Network has its own unique value in
  facilitating human communication
• A concern about a network losing its value
• while we are unsure about how to quantify the
  true value

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Dont worry about the language
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Real Facebook identifier
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Social Network Games
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Fighters Club

• A Coalition game like Warcraft
• Team members who are Facebook friends receive
  higher fighting powers
• 1400 new friendships established daily
• 10 of users with gt95 friendships purely based
  on this game.

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Open Issues

• What is the value of this social network?
• How would this value be distributed and
  allocated to each individual peers?
• MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn didnt define the
  game for network formation and value
  allocation.
• But, it is important to design the game such that
  the OSN will eventually converge to a state to
  best support the communities.

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Activities, Knowledge Sharing, and Social
Relationship
Scalability, Privacy, Trust, Robustness, Performan
ce
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Facebook versus Personal Web Site

• WWW everybody can see it
• Facebook a selected set of people on your social
  network can see it
• But, that differential value

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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
Facebook
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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
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Just a couple issues

• How to establish the social route?
• How would A know about D (or Ds identity)
  ?
• How to maintain this reputation network?
• MessageReaper A Feed-back Trust Control System
  (Spear/Lang/Lu)

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Who is Salma?
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Who is Salma?
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My message to Salma
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The Social Path(s)
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More Examples
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A,D social context
??
B
D
A
C
A has to explicitly declare if there is any
social context under this communication activity
with D! But, D only cares if it is from C
or not!
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Search on OSN

• How to get to from ?
• The Small world model
• 6 degree separation (Milgram, 1967)
• existence of a short path
• How to find the short path? (Kleinberg, 2000)

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Social Route Discovery for A2D
??
B
D
A
C
Lets assume A doesnt have Ds routable
identity Or, D doesnt have a global unique
identity! Then, how can we do A2D?
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Finding
??
B
D
A
C
A2D, while D is McDonalds! D would like
customers to find the right route. idea
keyword propagation e.g., McDonalds
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Announcing
B
D
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Announcing
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Announcing
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Announcing
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation And, I know I am
doing FLOODING!!
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Now Finding
Q McDonalds
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C

• Search Keyword McDonalds
• A might know Ds keyword via two channels
• (1) Somebody else (2) From its friends
• Questions does D need an identity? Scalable?

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Application Tests

• Example 1 credential-oriented
• PKI certificate as the keyword
• If you can sign or decrypt the message, you are
  the ONE!
• Example 2 service-oriented
• Service/protocol/bandwidth support
• Example 3 offer-oriented
• Please send me your coupons/promotions!

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Routable Identity

• Application identity Mgt Network identity
• Network identity Rgt Network identity
• Network identity Mgt Application identity

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App/Route Identity

• Application identity Mgt Network identity
• Network identity Rgt Network identity
• Network identity Mgt Application identity
• Keywords (MF-R)gt Multiple Paths
• Application identity selection
• Network route selection

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SMTP
Lerone
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
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SMTP
Wrapper
Lerone
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Community Oriented Keywords
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
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Finding
Application Test
Q McDonalds
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Search Keyword McDonalds Questions is this
the right Felix Wus? How to avoid/control
flooding??
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Scalability - Avoid the Flooding

• As it is, every keyword will need to be
  propagated to all the nodes/links (but the same
  keyword will be propagated through the same link
  once possibly with different policies).
• The issue who should receive my keywords?

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in Community of Davis
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
McDonalds?
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as the Social Peer

• Attributes
• McDonalds Express, 640 W Covell Blvd, D,
  Davis, [phone], Davis Senior High School,
  Community Park, North Davis

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Per-Keyword Policy

• For each keyword, we will associate it with a
  propagation policy T, N, A
• T Trust Value Threshold
• N Hop counts left to propagate (-1 each step)
• A Community Attributes
• Examples
• gt0.66, 4, Davis K via L1
• gt0, , K via L2

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Scalability Controllability

• McDonalds doesnt want to flood the whole
  network
• It only wants to multicast to the Target set of
  customers
• And, it only wants this target set of users being
  able to use that particular keyword to contact.
• Receiver/owner controllability

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Social/Community Attributes
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
McDonalds? Answer
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Community
??
B
D
A
C
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Community

• A connected graph of social nodes sharing a set
  of community attributes

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Community
??
B
D
A
C
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Social/Community Attributes
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
McDonalds? Answer but not ALL
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Community
??
B
D
A
C
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
C
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
C
Both A C why would A C be willing to
establish a direct friendship?
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Open Issues

• What is the value of this social network?
• How would this value be distributed and
  allocated to each individual peers?

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Reputation

• Adding Trust as another consideration in
  routing
• Per-packet Reputation Update
• Fast Stabilization
• Mobility without per-hop authenticated
  Global/Unique Network layer Identities

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Reputation on Feed-back
??
B
D
A
C
D is the one to decide whether the message from
A/B/C is good or bad!
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One Route path from A to D
Pktagtd
A
B
C
D
End2End Trust is this really from
A? RoutePath Trust Should this path be used?
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Basic Assumption about the Link
Pktagtd
A
B
C
D
B C have a way to decide whether they should
establish a link between them, and they can
authenticate each other Secure MAC
authentication Social Links in
OSN Reputation-based Authentication Sybil
Attack robustness
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The Attack Model

• Does the receiver really like this packet being
  delivered to me over a route path of links
• Corrupted information
• Spam
• An incorrectly E2E-Authenticated packet
• Malware
• Assumption the receiver has its own security
  policy to determine whether it like the
  packet/message or not!

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D decides, and rewards/punishes
Pktcgtd
A
B
C
D
Trust(DgtC)
Trust(CgtB)
Trust(BgtA)
Pktbcd
Pktabc
Pktab
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Trust Structure
We want to stabilize these decentralized values
such that they can be used to effectively choose
the best route.
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Game Theory Analysis
Pktcgtd
A
B
C
D
Trust(DgtC)
Trust(CgtB)
Trust(BgtA)
Pktbcd
Pktabc
Pktab
Value Allocation if a bad message is delivered,
how should we distribute the damage along the
route path?
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Trust Structure as the Utility
We want to stabilize these decentralized values
such that they can be used to effectively choose
the best route.
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Three Trust Values per Relationship
u
v

• Ta(u,v) u is directly connected to v. How much u
  trusts v?
• Ainit v, as the initiator, sends a packet to u.
• Afwd v forwards a packet to u . I.e., v is not
  the initiator of the packet.
• Art sends a packet to, and, v forwards that
  packet to one of its other neighbors. And, the
  packet eventually reaches the destination.

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Example
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Routing with Trust
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1000 nodes, 20 bad
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1000 nodes, 10/40 bad
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Increasing the Spammers
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Orkut (15329 nodes)
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SMTP
Divert
Existing Applications
Native DSL Applications and Games
Wrapper
Lerone
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Community Oriented Keywords
Name-ID resolution
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
DSLoFB
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DSL, Facebook, AL-BGP and GENI
http//www.geni.net/DSLport
AL-BGP over GENI/PlanetLab
Each DSL/FB user should select a closer GENI
entrance as www.geni.net. In other words, we
might need to set up DNS records correctly.
Facebook
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Social-Control Routing
Applications with Tests
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2
1
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DSL is an old idea!
A
B

• We, as human, have been using similar
  communication principles. Maybe it is a good
  opportunity to re-think about our cyber
  communication system.
• Identity is a per-application, context-oriented,
  and sometime relative issue.
• Forming cyber communities of interests for
  application.

F
A
B
F
F
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Easy to Send Receive

• Easy for both the good users and the spammers.
  (fair simplicity)
• The spammers abuse the sending right, while the
  good users have very limited options to counter
  back.
• how easy can we change our email address?
• how often do we need to do that?
• A receiver or the owner of the identity
  should have some control.
• But, that means also burden to the users.

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Easy to Send Receive

• Easy for both the good users and the spammers.
  (fair simplicity)
• The spammers abuse the sending right, while the
  good users have very limited options to counter
  back.
• how easy can we change our email address?
• how often do we need to do that?
• A receiver or the owner of the identity
  should have some control.
• But, that means also burden to the users.

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Davis Social Links

• Peer-to-Peer System (P2P)
• How human socially communicate?
• Online Social Network (OSN)
• How to utilize OSN to enhance communication?
• How to have a securer OSN?
• Autonomous Community (AC)
• How to build/develop more effective
  community-based social networks?

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Acknowledgement
A
B
F
A
B
F
F