James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates

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James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates
JWST-PRES-012898

• John C. Mather
• JWST Senior Project Scientist
• NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center

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JWST and related space missions

• WMAP 6/30/01 to Sept. 2010 3.2 13 mm Big Bang
• HST upgraded! COS and WFC3 - 0.1 to 1.7 µm
• Spitzer was 3.6 180 µm, now 3.6 4.5 µm
• Kepler launched 3/6 to find transiting Earths
• Planck launched 5/14 350 10,000 µm Big Bang
• Herschel launched 5/14 60 670 µm
• WISE - launch 11/1/09 - 3.3, 4.7, 12, and 23 µm
  survey
• TESS SMEX proposal for all-sky transiting
  planet survey visible/near IR
• JANUS SMEX proposal for GRBs to z 12
• JDEM/IDECS study dark energy
• LISA study black hole mergers to edge of the
  Universe

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End of the dark ages first light and
reionization
to identify the first luminous sources to form
and to determine the ionization history of the
early universe.
Hubble Ultra Deep Field
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SN 2006 gy brightest supernova

• Could be the first observation of a
  pair-production instability, from the death of a
  very massive star.
• Stars are normally held up by the balance of
  light pressure and gravity
• Gamma rays producing electron/positron pairs
  scatters light, reducing pressure. Instability
  creates runaway collapse.
• A nearby analog for the first stars in the
  Universe.

? ? e e ? ?

• Progenitor was similar to Eta Carina.

Hubble Image of Eta Carina
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Pair-production SNe as First Stars

• Good news JWST can easily detect these when
  stars first formed (but not as transients).

• Interesting news pair-production instability
  doesnt necessarily require primordial
  composition.

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Gamma Ray Burst 4/23/09 most distant object yet
found (z 8.2) supernova jet aimed at us!
JANUS GRB (SMEX) search proposed, could see to z
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When was re-ionization?
6.42
6.00
5.74
Fan, Carilli Keating 2006, ARAA, 44, 415
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Dark Energy!
MacArthur Fellow 2008 - Adam Riess
S. Perlmutter, A. Riess, B. Schmidt
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JWST, Dark Energy, Dark Matter

• JDEM/IDECS Science Coordinating Group report
  (Neil Gehrels, GSFC), http//jdem.gsfc.nasa.gov/do
  cs/SCG_Report_final.pdf
• Problem determine acceleration parameter now and
  in the past
• Multiple techniques required due to likely
  systematic errors
• JDEM/IDECS wide-field surveys will find targets
  for JWST
• JWST contributes by
• Measuring very distant supernovae (standard
  candles?)
• Measuring effects of dark matter too (distorted
  images of distant objects, masses of galaxies and
  clusters out to high redshift, rotation curves,
  etc.)
• Cosmic archeology at high redshift (prior to
  acceleration, formation of galaxies and clusters)

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How does environment affect star-formation and
vice-versa?What is the sub-stellar initial mass
function?

• Massive stars produce winds and radiation
• Either disrupt star formation, or causes it.
• The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf
  stars and planets is unknown
• Different processes? Or continuum?
• Observations
• Survey dark clouds, elephant trunks and
  star-forming regions

The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
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Exoplanets

• As of 13 May, 347 total
• Radial velocity 321 planets, 33 multiple planet
  systems
• Transiting 59 planets, no multiples (most good
  JWST targets)
• Microlensing 8 planets, 1 multiple system
• Imaging 11 planets, 1 system (a triple) (all
  good JWST targets)
• Timing 7 planets, 2 multiple planet systems
• Kepler launched Mar. 6, 2009, will monitor
  100,000 stars, find handful of Earths, thousands
  of others
• TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite),
  proposed SMEX, would survey nearest stars, best
  candidates for detailed follow-up with JWST
• JWST Transits Working Group established M.
  Clampin

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Planetary systems and the origins of life
Kalas, Graham and Clampin 2005
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Images of Exoplanets

• "It's like a London bus - you've been waiting for
  one for ages and suddenly four come along at
  once. M. McCaughrean, BBC

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Fomalhaut

• Advanced Camera for Surveys achieved the optical
  detection of an exoplanet around a star 25 light
  years from Earth.
• First optical detection of a massive planet since
  Neptune in 1846.
• Like the discovery of Neptune the existence of
  Fomalhaut b was predicted in advance by theory.
• Planets mass lies between that of Neptune and
  Jupiter
• Constrained by disk dynamics

Named 2 Science Discovery of 2008
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Planets Seen!
HR 8799 b,c,d Marois et al. 2008 Gemini
Keck Massive dust disk as if Mars collided with
Earth
ß Pictoris b A.-M. Lagrange et al. 2008 VLT
Fomalhaut b Kalas et al. 2008 HST
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Primary
Secondary

• Star blocks light from planet
• Mid-Infrared light (Spitzer/JWST)
• Direct detection of photons from planet
• Temperature of planet
• Emission from surface
• JWST Atmospheric characteristics, constituents
  of atmosphere, map planets

• Planet blocks light from star
• Visible/NIR light (Hubble/JWST)
• Radius of planet/star
• Absorption spectroscopy of planets atmosphere
• JWST Look for moons, constituents of atmosphere,
  Earth-like planets with water, weather

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Dwarf Planets and Plutoids
May be 2000 more when whole sky is surveyed With
moving object tracking JWST is perfect tool
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Where they are
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Science Working Group (SWG) Standing panel of
science subject matter experts to advise Project
and HQ
JWST Science Working Group JWST Science Working Group JWST Science Working Group
John Mather (Chair) GSFC Senior Project Scientist
Mark Clampin GSFC Observatory project Scientist
Rene Doyon University of Montreal TFI Science Lead
Kathy Flanagan STScI SOC Head
Marijn Franx Max Planck Institute NIRSpec Science Representative
Jon Gardner GSFC Deputy Senior Project Scientist
Matt Greenhouse GSFC ISIM Project Scientist
Heidi Hammel Space Science Institute Interdisciplinary Scientist
John Hutchings Herzberg Inst of Astrophysics CSA Project Scientist
Peter Jakobsen ESTEC ESA Project Scientist
Simon Lilly Swiss Institute of Technology Interdisciplinary Scientist
Jonathan Lunine University of Arizona Interdisciplinary Scientist
Mark McCaughrean University of Exeter Interdisciplinary Scientist
Matt Mountain STScI Telescope Scientist
George Rieke University of Arizona MIRI Science Lead
Marcia Rieke University of Arizona NIRCam PI
George Sonneborn GSFC Ground Segment Project Scientist
Massimo Stiavelli STScI Interdisciplinary Scientist
Rogier Windhorst Arizona State University Interdisciplinary Scientist
Gillian Wright United Kingdom ATC MIRI European Science Lead

• Several SWG and other science team members are
  here today
• Many scientists, but only one source of science
  requirements exist across the JWST Program

JWST Science Requirements JWST-RQMT-002558
JWST Mission Requirements JWST-RQMT-000634
JWST Observatory Spec JWST-SPEC-002020
ISIM Requirements JWST-RQMT-000835
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More Info

• 600 MB tutorial Decadal Survey White Papers
  http//sites.nationalacademies.org/bpa/BPA_050603
• 7 JWST White Papers submitted
• The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb
  Space Telescope Jon Gardner
• Comparative Planetology Transiting Exoplanet
  Science with JWST Mark Clampin
• Planetary Systems and Star Formation with JWST
  George Rieke
• Study of Planetary Systems and Solar System
  Objects with JWST George Sonneborn
• Stellar Populations with JWST the Beginning and
  the End Margaret Meixner
• Galaxies Across Cosmic Time with JWST Rogier
  Windhorst
• First light and reionization open questions in
  the post-JWST era Massimo Stiavelli

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More Info
Download for free at jwst.gsfc.nasa.gov
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• Questions?