Acids and Bases

1
Acids and Bases
2
Why are lemons sour?
3
What about other acids?
4
What about bases?
5
Definitions

• An acid is anything that can donate a proton
• HCl(aq) H2O(l) ? Cl-(aq) H3O(aq)
• A base is anything that can accept a proton
• Water (above) acts as a base
• H3O hydronium ion
• HCl acid, Cl- conjugate base ? conjugate
  acid-base pair
• H2O base, H3O conjugate acid ?

6
Some more traits

• Species donates 1 proton monoprotic acid
• 2 protons diprotic acid
• Accept 1 proton monoprotic base
• Accept 2 protons diprotic base

7
Waters uniqueness

• Can act as both a base and an acid
• amphiprotic
• H2O(l) H2O(l) ? H3O(aq) OH-(aq)
• Water autoionizes

8
pH

• power of hydrogen
• Measurement of protons/hydronium ions in soln

9
(No Transcript)
10
pH scale

• 7.00 neutrality
• lt7.00 ? acidity (increase going to 0)
• gt7.00 ? basicity (increases going to 14)

11
Strong acids

• HCl
• HBr
• HI
• H2SO4
• HNO3
• HClO4
• HClO3

12
Strong bases

• Metal (I) hydroxides
• Ba(OH)2