Erin and Brooke

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Standard 4

• Erin and Brooke

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Prokaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic cells BACTERIA
• It has no true nucleus or organelles. Instead it
  just has DNA, RNA, chrosomes, cytoplasm, a cell
  wall, and cell membrane.
• There are no organelles

The POOR PRIMITVE PROKARYOTE
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Eukaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic cells are plant, animal, and protist
  animal cells!!
• Have cell organelles.
• Eu means True
• Karyote cell

The following organelles are all found in
Eukaryotic Cells
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Cell Membrane

• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells have cell
  membranes.
• In the eukaryotic cell membrane is the outmost
  part of an animal cell, controls what enters and
  exits in the plant cells (Figure 1).

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The Cell Wall

• Like the Cell membrane, the cell wall also is in
  both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
• Cell membranes are found on the outermost part of
  plant and bacteria cells, they are flat and
  rigid, are used for support in the cell.

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Nucleus

• The nucleus is ONLY found in the Eukaryotic
  cells.
• It is located in the middle of animal cells
• It contains DNA, controls the activities of the
  cell, and cellular reproduction.

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Ribosomes

• When looking at a picture of a cell you can
  locate the ribosomes very easily. They are the
  small dots seen on the endoplasmic reticulum.
• The ribosome contains RNA and produce proteins
  for the cell.

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Golgi Apparatus

• Found in Eukaryotic cells.
• The job of the Golgi is to modify, sort, and
  package the proteins of the cells. Its is like
  the cell post office.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Found in Eukaryotic cells.
• This type of ER does not have ribosomes on it so
  it looks smooth.
• Functions - synthesis of lipids and steroids,
  metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of
  calcium concentration, drug detoxification,
  attachment of receptors on cell membrane
  proteins, and steroid metabolism.

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• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• ER

• Rough ER has Ribosomes attached to it. It looks
  rough under a microscope.
• Endo inside
• Plasmic the plasma
• Reticulum connector
• Endoplasmic Reticulum connectors ( like
  tunnels) found inside the plasma.

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Vacuole

• Is found in Eukaryotic cells.
• In plant cells it stores food and is found in the
  center of the cell.
• It is really BIG and called a Central Vacuole
• It stores water in animal cells and is fairly
  small.

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Chloroplast

• Are found in plant cells (eukaryotic).
• They produce energy/food for the cell using
  sunlight.
• They are the Green things in plant cells.
• Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast.

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Mitochondria

• Has a double membrane ( 2 layers)
• Known as the powerhouse of the cell.
• Its job is getting energy for the cell which is
  called respiration .

The Mighty Mitochondria
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Comparing Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
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Plant Cells Animal Cells are both Eukaryotes
Plant Animal Cell Comparisons
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QUESTIONS
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1.

• Study the data below. Which student has correctly
  identified the typical characteristics of a
  prokaryotic cell?

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THE ANSWER IS.
Student 4!
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2
Study the table. Which student correctly compares
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Student 1
• Student 2
• Student 3
• Student 4

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THE ANSWER IS.
D!
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3.
Which cellular structures are involved in
synthesizing and packaging protien?

• A. 1 package protein, and 3 synthesizes protein.
• B. 1 packages protein, and 4 synthesizes protein.
• C. 2 packages protein, and 3 synthesizes protein.
• D. 2 packages protein, and 4 synthesizes protein.

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THE ANSWER IS.

• D!

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4.
What are the differences between structures 1 and
2?

• A. Ribosomes are produced in structure 1, and DNA
  is stored in structure 2.
• B. DNA is stored in structure 1, and ribosome are
  produced in in structure 2.
• C. RNA is stored in structure 1, and DNA is
  stored in structure 2.
• D. DNA is stored in structure 1, and RNA is
  stored in structure 2.

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THE ANSWER IS.

• A!

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What are the similarities of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
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THE ANSWER IS.

• They are both cells
• Both have DNA
• Have a cell wall
• Both contain chrosomes.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA??
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THE ANSWER IS.

• DNA is a double-stranded
• RNA is single-stranded

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TRUE or FALSE
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The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle.
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THE ANSWER IS.
TRUE!
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TRUE or FALSE
A vacuole is a Prokaryotic cell.
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THE ANSWER IS
FALSE! A cell can't be prokaryotic, but
prokaryotic organisms might have vacuoles.
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Identify and explain the function of this
organelle.
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THE ANSWER IS....
Mitochondria gets energy for the cell.
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What type of cell is this?
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THE ANSWER IS.
Eukaryotic plant cell.
We know it is eukaryotic because it has the
organelles in it. We know it is a plant cell
because it has flat sides, a large central
vacuole is green
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What occurs in Chloroplast?
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THE ANSWER IS.
Photosynthesis
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What is the difference of Rough ER and Smooth ER?
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• Rough packages lysosomes, Smooth envelope to
  the nucleus.
• Rough envelope to the nucleus, Smooth
  packages lysosomes.
• Both do the same thing.

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THE ANSWER IS.
A!
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Which organelles are ribosomes found on?
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THE ANSWER IS
Endoplasmic Reticulum!
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What is the difference between the cell wall and
the cell membrane?
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THE ANSWER IS.
A cell wall is completely permeable and a cell
membrane is partially permeable!
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Examine the diagram below

• What are the similarities differences between
  organelle 1 2 ?
• Both are double membrane-bound organelles, but 1
  conducts respiration 2 conducts photosynthesis
• Both are double membrane-bound organelles but 1
  conducts photosynthesis and 2 conducts
  respiration
• Both are single membrane-bound organelles, but 1
  conducts respiration 2 conducts photosynthesis
• Both are single membrane-bound organelles, but 1
  conducts photosynthesis 2 conducts respiration

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A is correct

• 1 is a mitochondrion and that is where
• respiration ( getting energy) takes
  place
• They look like they have squiggles
  inside
• Remember the Might Mitochondria?
• 2 is a chloroplast (they look like they have
• grains inside are located around the
  outer
• edge of a plant cell. Chloroplasts are
  where
• photosynthesis takes place. They would
  be green
• ( if this picture were in color)
• Both have double walled membranes

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Which cellular structures are involved in
synthesizing packaging proteins?

• 1 packages protein 3 synthesizes protein
• 1 packages protein 4 synthesizes protein
• 2 packages protein 3 synthesizes protein
• 2 packages protein 4synthesizes protein

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D is correct

• 2 is the Golgi Body or Golgi Apparatus it
  packages the proteins ( kind of like the UPS of
  the cell)
• 4 is a Ribosome it makes or synthesizes
  protein

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What are the differences between structures 1 2?

• Ribosomes are produced in structure 1, DNA is
  stored on structure 2
• DNA is stored in structure 1 ribosomes are
  produced in structure 2
• RNA is stored in structure 1 DNA is stored in
  structure 2
• DNA is stored in structure 1 RNA is stored in
  structure 2

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A is correct

• Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus
• ( the little thing in the nucleus)
• DNA is stored in the nucleus