The Prehistoric Age:

1
The Prehistoric Age How did the 5 factors
influence the survival and extinction of early
human species? What lessons can we learn from
them?
2
The Who, What, Where, When
Time before written record. Roughly 99 of human
time. Consists of two periods. Old Stone Age
when tools were made by chipping and
flaking. Neolithic Neolithic Age when tools
were made by grinding stone. Members of the
Human Species both current humans and extinct.
Rapidly changing science. Earlist identified
human 4 million y.a. to 1 m.y.a. Lived in
Africa Man with Ability 2m.y.a.-1m.y.a. lived
in Africa Man who walks upright 1m.y.a
200,000 y.a. Lived in Africa, southern Europe
and Asia 100,000y.a to ?, lived in Europe and
Asia (Modern Man) Man who thinks 70,000y.a.
to present. Spread across globe Cro Magnon Name
of modern man before Neolithic Rev.
Prehistoric Paleolithic Neolithic Hominids
Australopithecus Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus Homo Sapien
Neanderthalis Homo Sapien Sapien (Cro
Magnon)
3
(No Transcript)
4
Lesson One Use of Resources and Tools in the
rise of the Paleolithic. The Question How did
the development of tools help the early human
species survive against terrible odds?
Warm Up If you were stranded on a desert island
and could only bring one item with you to
survive, what would it be? (And the item cant
be a boat or airplane you arent getting off
the island!!!)
5
Lesson One Humans developed technologies
(tools) to help them meet their needs for
survival
Humans, tasty kitty treats The
Advantage The top 5 needs for Survival

Humans have no natural tools or weapons.
Therefore, they were at the bottom of the food
chain. But, unlike other animals they had a
complex brain and opposable thumbs. With these
two things they could make technologies (tools)
to help them survive.
6
Could stand on two legs to free up hands to use 2
tools Termite Stick and femur bone clubs.
Australopithecus
7
Homo Habilis
WRONG!
Larger brain allowed for more sophisticated tool
development. Oldavai Pebble Tool. Still just a
scavenger Because they mostly moved on four limbs
and lived in trees, could only own a couple
temporary things
8
More Muscle and Bone Mass Larger brain More
Sophisticated Tools Because walked upright all
the time, could take stuff with them. Diverse
Tool Kit Achulean Hand Axe Use Fire First
Hunters Shelter First to begin living In
Caves. First to possibly wear Clothing.
Homo Erectus
9
(No Transcript)
10

• Larger Body Muscle and Bone Mass but means
  needs a lot of protein.
• Larger Brain More sophisticated Tools.
• Food Technology
• Speech make sounds but no language.
• Use and Keep Fire as a tool
• Fire Hardened Spears
• Stone tools for processing food
• Rough baskets for collecting food
• Shelter Technology
• Cave Dwellers
• Skin and hide clothing

Neanderthal
11

• Not as much muscle mass required less food.
• Largest Brain Very sophisticated tools
• Food Technologies
• Can Make own Fire
• Atlatl, slings, snares
• Pottery for storing food
• Shelter Technologies
• Burin
• Awls and Needles
• Clothing and Tents
• Reproduction Technologies
• Decorative Items
• Status Symbols
• Earth Mother Statues

Cro Magnon (Modern Human)
12
Atlatl
13
HOME
BURIN AND NEEDLE
14
(No Transcript)
15
Connections So, as we can see, early humans had
very few possessions, but did amazing things with
them to survive. Task One You have 5 minutes
to list everything you personally own. Task Two
Swap lists with a partner. Categorize each item
that is used for survival Aair W-Water
FFood RAttraction Device SShelter. Task
Three Return list and answer the following
questions How many items on your list that are
not related to survival? What is their purpose?
When in history do you think people began
creating these types of technologies? What is
the implication for our world that we have so
many more possessions?
16
Lesson One Big Ideas Check Historical Literacy
Terms Add to your list in packet. Atlatl
Rise and Fall
Concepts What are the 5 things humans need to
survive? Identify one most important technology
for each of the 5 species What is the connection
between brain size and tool sophistication?
Historical Connections What can we learn from
the early humans about what we need for
technologies for our survival as a species?
17
Lesson Two Human Culture (Behaviors, Beliefs,
Arts) reshaped the environment. The Question
How did the practices of the early humans reshape
the environment they lived in to help them
survive.
Warm Up Think back to Quest For Fire. Make a
list of the ways that you saw the Neanderthals
changing their environment. Then make a list of
the ways you remember the Cro Magnons changing
their environment.
18
Early Human Culture reshaped the environment to
help them survive
Australospithicus and Homo Habilis, Homo
Erectus, Neanderthal, Cro Magnon
They couldnt and it wasnt. They had very
little to no impact on changing their
environment. They had to deal with what they
were given or die. Temporary impact on
environment. Hunting might burn grassland.
Might modify a hole in the ground and call it
home. Could build shelters and make
clothes to make the environment more
suitable Begin to tame wild animals and change
their nature.
19
Lesson Two Big Ideas Check Historical Literacy
Terms Add to your list in packet.
Rise and Fall Concepts Which
human species had the biggest ability to change
their physical environment? Historical
Connections Complete the following statement
Cultures that can change their environment
will.
20
Lesson Three The environment reshapes the
culture. The Question How did the
environment of the early humans shape their
cultures.
Warm Up Think back to Quest For Fire. Make a
list of the ways that you saw the Neanderthals
behaving in response to their environment. Then
make a list of the ways you remember the Cro
Magnons behaving in response to their environment
21
L3 The environment was responsible for the
development of early human cultures.
Australospithicus and Homo Habilis, Homo
Erectus, Neanderthal and Cro Magnon
Culture was just about survival. Water, food,
reproduce. Develop culture of violence to fight
for food resources and protect homelands
Start to develop more sophisticated cultures
Language Behavior Neanderthals can
communicate, but not language Cro Magnons
develop first actual languages.
22
L3 The environment was responsible for the
development of early human cultures.
Hunter Gatherer Institutions Nomadic
Behaviors Development of Arts
Men hunt (sometimes successfully), while women
gather. Women actually keeping clan alive.
Gender roles were probably equal. Neanderthal
and Cro Magnon moved from location to location
following herds of animals and staying in warmer
climate Cave Paintings Carving
23
HOME
24
(No Transcript)
25
HOME
26
(No Transcript)
27
Lesson Three Big Ideas Check Historical
Literacy Terms Add to your list in
packet. Nomad, Hunter/Gatherer Lascaux
Caves Rise and Fall
Concepts The behaviors of the earliest humans
were based around getting what? What are the
advantageous to being nomadic? What are the
advantageous and disadvantageous to a hunter/
gatherer society? How did early humans use art
to help them survive? Historical Connections
Who is better off, Nomadic Hunter Gatherers or
our modern life style? Bullet three pieces of
info from your notes about Paleo Hunter Gatherers
that would support your statement.
28
Lesson Four Governments and Religions organize
and inspire people. The Question How did the
environment shape the two most significant
cultural institutions Government and Religion.
Warm Up If you had to describe government as
only serving one function What would it be?
If you had to describe Religion as only
serving one function What would it be?
29
L4 The environment helped create governments and
religions.
Religion developed as a reaction to death.
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo
Erectus Neanderthal
There were many things to die of in the
Prehistoric time. From animals to earthquakes to
illness. Because this was such a mystery,
religious beliefs developed. They believed that
by honoring the spirits the spirits would keep
them alive. Probably had some sort of proto
religion in that they probably reacted to death
like modern chimps. Developed first proof of
spiritual beliefs Burial with grave goods
people take goods wherever they were
going. Animal Cults Animals possessed spirit
that the Clan could use if they collected parts
of the animal Shaman Doesnt hunt or gather
collects herbs and items for medicine and magic
charms for the protection of clan
30
(No Transcript)
31
L4 The environment helped create governments and
religions.
Cro Magnon
Earth Mother Statues Worship of Mother Nature
to control birth and fertility Animism
Worship of animal spirits Animal cults like
Neanderthal Cave paintings could have been to
capture and control spirits of animals Ancestor
Worship Dead buried in homes of living to
always be amongst them, like Nean. Buried with
grave goods.
32
(No Transcript)
33
L4 The environment helped create governments and
religions.
Early Humans organized into early governments
Neanderthals and Cro Magnons were organized into
tribes. A group of extended family Tribe was
lead by the Tribal Chieftan. What traits
would these early Hunter Gatherer societies look
for in their Chieftan? What decisions would
they need to make?
34
Lesson Four Big Ideas Check Historical Literacy
Terms Add to your list in packet. Shaman,
Earth Mother Goddess, Animal Cults
Rise and Fall Concepts The
earliest religions were probably formed as humans
tried to control which two aspects of life. What
evidence do we have of Aus, religion? Neanderthal?
Cro Magnon? What powers did Paleo Chiefs
have over the tribe? Historical Connections
What similarities do we have with Paleolithic
Religion? In what ways are our needs for
government the same or different?
35
Lesson Five The Question Which factors were
responsible for the extinction of the earlier
human species?
Warm Up
36
L5 The Fall of Early Human Species in the
Paleolithic
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo
Erectus Neanderthal
The Environment altered the culture Changes in
weather patterns (Cooling and Drying of Africa)
altered the food supply too much. Environment
altered the culture Neanderthal relied on Ice
Age animals, with end of last Ice Age, large
animals like Mammoth died off. Food supply of
Neanderthal disappeared. Relationship with
Neighbors Cro Magnon may have become more
aggressive as food sources got scarce. None of
the early species seems to have had the ability
to change their culture to respond to changes in
the environment.
37
Lesson Six What factors influenced the rise of
Modern Humans in the Neolithic as the other
species went extinct?
Warm Up Look at the pictures below. Brainstorm a
list of what you can do with the tools on the
right that you cannot do with the tools on the
left. How might this change the world?
38
New Tools or Resources
Change in Culture
Change the Environment
39
L6 New technology changes the culture and the
environment during the Neolithic
Neolithic New Stone Age. Stone tools are made
from polishing harder stones. Allows to create
axes to shape wood into houses, fences
plows Neolithic Revolution Farming!
Growing crops and domesticating animals. Stop
being nomadic in certain areas
Cro Magnon creates new technology Cro Magnon
Changes their culture
40
Location and Climate of first places to develop
crop farming
41
Domesticated Crops
Wheat and Barley
Corn
Rice
Squash and Beans
Sorghum
42
Distribution of Domesticatable Animals
Goat Sheep Pig Cow Horse Camel
Water Buffalo Pig
Llama
43
L6 New technology changes the culture and the
environment during the Neolithic
Create permanent villages Forests cleared for
farm land, fuel, housing Change nature of animals
More People More Food Job
Specialization Make more things like art and
decorations, clothing etc More permanent tools
like looms and kilns
Farming leads to change in environment New
Resources Cro Magnon Changes their culture
44
New Tools Ground Stone Tools
New Tools More People Kilns / Looms More Food
New Environment Fields Permanent Villages
New Culture Job Specialization Like
New Culture Farming
New Environment Like
45
(No Transcript)
46
(No Transcript)
47
(No Transcript)