Participatory Water Saving Management

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Participatory Water Saving Management Water
Cultural Heritage

• Lebanon Country Report

KAMAL KARAA FADI KARAM NAZIR TARABEY
PRESENTED BY KAMAL KARAA
SALNIURFA 2003, December 16
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Existing irrigation
Existing Irrigation Existing Irrigation Existing Irrigation Existing Irrigation
Total (ha) Private Small irrigation (ha) Schemed Irrigation (ha) Category
90000 24400 65600 Equipped Area
81030 21960 59070 Net irrigated area
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Schemed Irrigation

• 67 schemes irrigated by surface water only 2
  LRA schemes are Pressurized - 65 Schemes Gravity
  System.
• Geographically dispersed around the national
  territory
• Small to medium size and 60 (89.55) of these
  schemes have an area smaller than 2000 ha and
  represent 53.75 of equipped area.
• Only 41.65 of irrigation schemes area is fully
  irrigated in summer season
• remaining area (58.35) water resources permit to
  irrigate 56.5 in summer, 37.8 in winter spring
  season and 5.7 stay without irrigation.
• Small Farms 60 of owners have parcels fewer
  than two ha size. The average farm size for all
  schemes is 1.8 ha.

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Schemed Irrigation Management
New Water Authorities Structure New Water Authorities Structure New Water Authorities Structure New Water Authorities Structure New Water Authorities Structure
Local Committees Local Committees Local Committees Previous Regional Water Authority New Water Authority
Total Irrigation Potable Previous Regional Water Authority New Water Authority
64 51 8 8 North Lebanon
70 52 11 6 Beirut Mount Lebanon
17 6 5 5 South Lebanon
58 44 14 3 Bekaa
209 153 38 22 Total
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Consequences

• Bad Maintenance and efficiency
• Rehabilitation Since 1994
• New Organization since 2000

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Rehabilitated Projects Results

• South Bekaa irrigation phase1 Scheme (Operating
  sine 2002 )
• Saving water Consumption 9.28
• Total profit increased by 17.51 in the first
  year for all the project
• Benefit by ha increase by 24.17 in subscripted
  area for the second year of exploitation.
• Farm Size has decrease by
• 60.19 for Qaraaoun Region with modest
  underground resources.
• 11.80for Joub Jannine with high number of wells.

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Rehabilitated Projects Results

• It is reflect Decreasing of rent practice mining
  that direct exploitation by owners is
  increasing.
• Qasmieh scheme its a Gravity System scheme
  operating after rehabilitation since 2000
• Water saving 33 (20 MCM)
• Water pricing policy Differential tarification
  has been adopted by LRA, reducing 33.33 of fees
  for farmers using pressurized equipment on farm.
  As results from this policy, 503 ha are
  converting to drip irrigation

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Saving On Farm Level

• In small private irrigation, the cost paid by
  farmers to extract water from wells, pushes them
  to use adequate equipments making possible saving
  water
• In Bekaa valley all underground water users
  have adopted
• Sprinkler irrigation for wheat, potatoes, sugar
  beets and forages. In North Bekaa, where scarcity
  of water is more important (200 mm / year
  compared to 800), Potato is irrigated by drip.
• Drip irrigation for trees and vegetables. Black
  mulch is commonly used in vegetables plantation
  to reduce water losses and economizing weeds
  control.

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Role of the research - Lebanese Agricultural
Research Institute (LARI)

• Evaluation of sprinkler irrigation systems
  establish suggestions for the design and work of
  these systems.
• Characteristics of water distribution studies
  Identify the influence of principal factors of
  irrigation execution, and with this information,
  give suggestions to the design and management of
  these systems.
• Response of different herbaceous and woody crops
  to differential treatments of water (deficit and
  supplemental irrigations.
• Developing of a management model of farms to
  select the crops alternatives and the irrigation
  management that get the economical optimum of the
  farm, adjusted to market needs and availability
  of water, agronomic factors of crops, irrigation
  systems and cost of product, in addition to risks
  of climatic variability and desertification.

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Role of the research - Lebanese Agricultural
Research Institute
In early ninetys, a new line of research was
started to characterize water distribution with
medium size sprinklers and drippers to identify
the influence of principal factors that are going
to condition the execution of irrigation, and
with this information, to give suggestions to the
design and management of these systems. The
research activities were centered on the response
of different herbaceous and woody crops to
differential treatments of water (deficit and
supplemental irrigations), with analysis of their
growth and development, measuring physiological
parameters, as well as approximating the water
balance in test-plots. LARI developed a
management model of farms to select the crops
alternatives and the irrigation management that
get the economical optimum of the farm, adjusted
to market needs and availability of water,
agronomic factors of crops, irrigation systems
and cost of product, in addition to risks of
climatic variability and desertification.
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Role of the research - Lebanese Agricultural
Research Institute

• Maximization of on-farm water use efficiency by
  optimal combinations of new irrigation techniques
  and water management practices
• Identification and description of major farming
  systems and client groups in order to define the
  demand for irrigation and production
  technologies
• Identification of target groups of farmers and
  creation of Associations of Water Users (AWU) in
  the defined Irrigation Operational Units (IOU)
• Adaptation and evaluation of technology at farm
  level for targeted groups of farmers sharing
  similar production problems
• Promotion of farmer participation as
  collaborators and evaluators of alternative
  technologies
• Promotion of collaboration with extension and
  development agencies for more effective transfer
  of technologies.