AIMS

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THE ZAIS MODEL
AIMS GOALS OBJECTIVES
CONTENT
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
EVALUATION
EPISTEMOLOGY (THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE)
SOCIETY /CULTURE
THE INDIVIDUAL
LEARNING THEORY
PHILOSOPHY
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THE NATURE OF SOCIETY
SOCIETY
A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS LIVING TOGETHER FOR
MUTUAL BENEFIT
CULTURE
THOSE BELIEFS AND TRADITIONS WHICH KEEP THE
SOCIETY TOGETHER
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CULTURAL ELEMENTS
UNIVERSALS
HELD BY MOST OF SOCIETY (e.g., BILL OF RIGHTS)
SPECIALTIES
HELD BY SUB-CULTURAL GROUPS DO NOT CONFLICT
WITH MAJORITY CULTURE IN ANY SERIOUS WAY
ALTERNATIVES
HELD BY GROUPS IN THE COUNTER CULTURE OFTEN
CONFLICT FUNDAMENTALLY WITH DOMINANT CULTURE
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CONCEIVED (CONCEPTUAL) VALUES
TEND TO BE ABSTRACT
TEND TO BE STABLE OVER TIME
NON-PRIORITIZED
OPERATIVE (OPERATIONAL) VALUES
CONCRETE
UNSTABLE
PRIORITIZED
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VALUES
C.V.
C.V.
C.V.
O.V.
O.V.
O.V.
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CULTURALLY-INDUCES BIASES
BIAS
PREFERENCE
A CULTURALLY-INDUCED BIAS IS ONE WHICH IS GAINED
THROUGH THE SIMPLE ACT OF LIVING IN AN ENVIRONMENT
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SOURCES FOR CULTURALLY-INDUCED BIASES
PERCEPTION OF NORMAL PERSONALITY
LANGUAGE
MEDIA
SOCIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTIONS
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HOW SOCIETY FORMALIZES ITS WISHES IN SCHOOLS
LEVELS OF INFLUENCE
FEDERAL
STATE
LOCAL
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FEDERAL
CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
1865 LAND GRANT ACT
1917 SMITH-HUGHES ACT
AFTER-EFFECTS OF WORLD-WAR II
POST WAR DRAFT
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
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THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
FORMED AS A CONGRESSIONAL AGENCY IN 1950
INITIAL FUNCTION POST GRADUATE RESEARCH INTO
THE BASIC SCIENCES
1954 SUMMER INSTITUTES FOR PRE-COLLEGE SCIENCE
TEACHERS
1956 FUNDED THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES
STUDY COMMITTEE (PSSC) PROGRAM AT A COST OF
303,000.
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MAJOR NSF PRE-COLLEGE PROGRAMS
BSCS (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CURRICULUM STUDY)
HPP (HARVARD PROJECT PHYSICS)
MINNEMAST (MINNESOTA MATH AND SCIENCE TEACHING
PROJECT)
APPROXIMATELY 54 PROGRAMS WERE DEVELOPED AT A
COST OF 186 MILLION
1963 CONGRESS REQUIRES NSF TO DEVELOP PROGRAMS
IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
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1969 MACOS (MAN A COURSE OF STUDY)
1976 CONGRESS STOPS ALL PRE-COLLEGE
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FUNDING
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
CABINET-LEVEL AGENCIES HAVING EDUCATIONAL RESPONSI
BILITIES
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
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THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
INTERPRETS CONSTITUTION AND FEDERAL LAWS
BROWN vs. BOARD
TINKER vs. DES MOINES
PICO vs. ISLAND TREES
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STATE
CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS
LEGISLATURE
PROVIDES FUNDING
REQUIRES COURSES
SETS STANDARDS
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STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
USUALLY ELECTED
SETS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
CONTROLS LICENSURE
MANAGES STATE EDUCATION BUDGET
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STATE SUPERINTENDENT (IN TEXAS COMMISSIONER)
IN MOST STATES, SELECTED BY STATE BOARD
IN TEXAS
RECOMMENDED BY BOARD
MUST RECEIVE OFFICIAL SUPPORT OF GOVERNOR
CONFIRMED BY LEGISLATURE
DUTIES
IMPLEMENTS STATE BOARD POLICIES
BRINGS PROFESSIONAL ADVICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
TO STATE BOARD
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STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS
IN TEXAS TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY (TEA)
FUNCTIONS
ACTS AS STAFF FOR SUPERINTENDENT
CREATES GUIDELINES, ETC., IN ACCORDANCE WITH
BOARD POLICIES AND SUPERINTENDENTS DIRECTIVES
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LOCAL
COMMON SCHOOLS
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT REPORTS TO STATE BOARD /
SUPERINTENDENT
INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICTS
TAXING AUTHORITY
POLICY MAKING AUTHORITY THROUGH LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD
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LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD
USUALLY ELECTED
POLICY MAKING AUTHORITY
WITHIN BOUNDARIES SET BY STATE BOARD, MAY MAKE
ADDITIONAL GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS, CURRICULUM
DECISIONS
PERSONNEL DECISIONS
SETS LOCAL TAX RATE, WITHIN GUIDELINES SET BY
STATE LEGISLATURE
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LOCAL SUPERINTENDENT
HIRED BY LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICT
RESPONSIBLE FOR
IMPLEMENTING POLICIES OF LOCAL AND STATE SCHOOL
BOARDS
PROFESSIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING POLICY
TO LOCAL BOARD
OVERALL SUPERVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND
INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF
PREPARES, RECOMMENDS, SUPERVISES BUDGET
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CENTRAL OFFICE STAFF
SERVES AS STAFF TO SUPERINTENDENT
IMPLEMENTS POLICIES OF LOCAL AND STATE BOARDS AT
DIRECTION OF SUPERINTENDENT
PROVIDE SUPPORT/SUPERVISION TO INDIVIDUAL CAMPUSES
WITHIN DISTRICT
PROVIDE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT/ IMPLEMENTATION
SUPPORT