Conceived%20by:

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Understanding APA

• Conceived by
• Gina Robinson, MSN
• Designed by
• Terry Hudson, MA, MDiv

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Understanding APA 1 Understanding
APA Students Name Trinity International
University Eng111e Instructors Name,
Degrees Date

• TITLE PAGE
• 1 Margins
• Header First 2-3 Words of Title Page Number,
  Upper Right
• Type Times New Roman or Courier, 12 pt.
• Double Spaced
• No All-Caps. Use Upper and Lower Case Centered
• No Bold
• Use Italics Sparingly

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Understanding APA 2 Abstract The
abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of
the contents of the paper, should not exceed 120
words.

• ABSTRACT PAGE
• Not indented.
• Write in 3rd Person
• This student
• This writer

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Understanding APA 3 Understanding APA
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country (Smith, 2006, p.
1). According to Smith (2006), Now is the
time for all good men to come to the aid of
their country (p.1). (The above are
samples of In-Text citations.)

• TEXT PAGE
• Exact Title Repeated From Title Page
• Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces
• Citations

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In-Text Citations

• Format is Last Name, Date, Page or Paragraph in
  parentheses. Period follows parentheses.
• Page is p., Multiple Pages are pp. In event of
  On-Line source, paragraph is designated by the
  symbol or para. (Smith, 2006, p. 1).
• Multiple authors are connected by and (Smith,
  Jones, and White, 2007, p. 1). Subsequent
  references use et al. (Smith, et al., p. 2).
• Personal Communications have authors full name
  and date (Joyce F. Smith, personal
  communication, July 4, 2007).
• Quotations longer than 40 words are block
  indented 5 spaces from left, left justified only,
  double spaced, without quotation marks. The last
  period is before the citation
• Now is the time for all good men to come to the
  aid of their country. Now is the time for all
  good
• men to come to the aid of their country.
  Now is the time for all good men to come to the
  aid of their
• country. Now is the time for all good men
  to come to the aid of their country. (Smith,
  2006, p. 1)

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Understanding APA 3 Understanding
APA Now is the time for all good men to
come to the aid of their country (Smith, 2006,
p. 1). or According to Smith (2006), Now
is the time for all good men to come to the aid
of their country (p.1).

• TEXT PAGE
• Exact Title Repeated
• Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces
• Citations
• Biblical Citations

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Biblical Citations

• Biblical references that are in the text are
  spelled out Romans 112.
• Biblical references in parentheses appear with
  standard 3 or 4 letter abbreviations (Rom.
  112). Year date is not given with in-text
  citation, but is given on the References page.
• General comments using Biblical references do not
  require that the translation be identified, but
  if a quotation is made the translation should be
  indicated. Identify in the first citation in the
  text the version you used, such as (NIV).

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Understanding APA 3 Understanding
APA Now is the time for all good men to
come to the aid of their country (Smith, 2006,
p. 1). or According to Smith (2006), Now
is the time for all good men to come to the aid
of their country (p.1).

• TEXT PAGE
• Exact Title Repeated
• Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces
• Citations
• Biblical Citations
• Sub-Headings

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Sub-Headings

• 1st Order Centered, Upper and Lower Case
  Letters, Regular Type (Usually all that are
  needed in short papers)
• 2nd Order Left Justified, Upper and Lower Case
  Letters, Italics
• 3rd Order Left Indented, Upper and Lower Case
  Letters, Italics, ending with period, Text
  follows on same line
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  ----------------------------------
• Understanding APA (Title Repeated 1st Page Only)
• The Problem (1st Order Sub-Heading)
• Causes (2nd Order Sub-Heading)
• Individual Causes. BlahBlah (3rd Order
  Sub-Heading with text immediately following)
• Institutional Causes. BlahBlah(3rd Order
  Sub-Heading with text immediately following)
• Effects (2nd Order Sub-Heading)

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Understanding APA 3 Understanding
APA Now is the time for all good men to
come to the aid of their country (Smith, 2006,
p. 1). or According to Smith (2006), Now
is the time for all good men to come to the aid
of their country (p.1).

• TEXT PAGE
• Exact Title Repeated
• Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces
• Citations
• Biblical Citations
• Sub-Headings
• Seriation (Series)

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Seriation (Series)

• Identify elements by a letter within a paragraph
  or sentence, or by a number at the start of each
  paragraph in a series.
• Within a paragraph or sentence, identify elements
  in a series by lowercase letters (not italicized)
  in parentheses.
• Separate paragraphs in a series are identified by
  an arabic numeral followed by a period, but are
  not enclosed in or followed by parentheses.
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  ------------------------------
• The participants three choices were (a) working
  with another participant, (b) working with a
  team, and (c) working alone.
• The participants had the following three choices
• 1. Working with another participant
• 2. Working with a team
• 3. Working alone

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Understanding APA 4 References Jones,
D.A. (2007). Learning to write. St. Louis,
MO Mosby. Smith, G., Davis, E., Jones, O.
(2006). Quality sleep is key to faculty
success Time for a change. Journal of
Education, 2 (10), 3-10. Taylor, O.K. (n.d.).
How to use writing skills in life.
Retrieved January 29, 2008, from
http//www.blahblah

• REFERENCES PAGE
• Double Spaced with Hanging Indent
• Alphabetical Order by Author
• Authors are Designated by Last Name and Initials
• Multiple Authors Connected by

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References

• For Dates, Month Day Follow Year (2007, July
  4). No Date is Designated (n.d.).
• In Titles of Books or Journal Articles, First
  Word and Proper Names Only are Capitalized.
• Names of Books and Journals (Including Volume)
  are in Italics.
• States use 2 Letter Postal Abbreviations. The
  Following Cities Only can be Listed Without a
  State Abbreviation Baltimore, Boston, Chicago,
  Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San
  Francisco.
• On-Line Sources are Designated Retrieved
  January 29, 2008, from http//www.blahblah
• If Necessary, Break On-Line Citations After / or
  Before Period.
• For Electronic Sources, Electronic version
  Follows Title.

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Reference American Psychological
Association. (2007). Publication manual
of the American Psychological Association
(5th ed.). Washington, DC Author.