Digital Cameras, Digital Video and Scanners

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Digital Cameras, Digital Video and Scanners

• Vince DiNoto
• Vince.dinoto_at_kctcs.edu

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Contents

• Introduction
• How the Devices Work
• Resolution
• Zooming
• Color Depth
• Art of Photography
• Physics of Photography
• Create Video and Stills
• Workshop Discussion of Video and Stills
• Software

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Introduction

• Taught Classic Photography
• Black and White Developing
• Physics of the Camera
• Optics
• Photographer of Water Powered Grist Mills
• Three awards in International Mill Photo contests
  
• One cover picture published

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A few pictures
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A few more pictures
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How the Devices Work

• Analog/Digital
• Scanners
• Digital Video
• Digital Cameras
• CCD Chips

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Analog/Digital

• Analog information is encoded on media as
  intensity of magnetic particles.
• Digital information is encoded as 1s and 0s.

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Scanners

• A Flat Bed Scanner
• A moving light source
• A CCD bar
• Optical Resolution vs Digital Enhancement

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Digital Video

• 30 frames per second
• Light is on the CCD for only 1/60th of a second
• Digital Media
• Mini-DV
• Digital 8
• Mini-DVD
• Direct Output
• Firewire
• USB

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Digital Cameras

• Digital media
• Mini CDR
• Mini CDRW
• 3.5 in floppy
• Flash Memory
• Compact Flash
• Memory Stick
• SD
• ZD
• Fuji memory

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Digital Cameras - 2

• Direct Connection
• To a printer
• USB
• Firewire

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CCD

• A Charge Couple Device is a solid state chip that
  is sensitive to light. It produces only black
  and white. Therefore, filters are required to
  get color images.
• When a photon strikes the CCD it produces a
  current, the more photons the more current
• The chip is composed millions of picture elements
  in cameras and thousands in scanners
• The more pixels the greater the resolution and
  the sharper the picture

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CCD - 2
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Resolution

• How many pixels is there.
• The more pixels the larger the image can be
  enlarged without creating a blurring.
• The more pixels the more expense
• Optical Resolution vs Digital Resolution
• Digital Resolution is the computer trying to
  create pixels that werent seen by the CCD, the
  quality is not nearly has good as that created
  directly.
• Not important in digital video cameras in general

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Resolution - 2

• Example if the resolution is 640 x 480, that
  means there are 640 pixels in the width and 480
  pixels in the height. A very small amount of
  memory is required for the images. If the image
  is going to be printed it will need to be printed
  very small, but this resolution is fine for the
  web. Why? My printer prints 720 dpi (dots per
  inch) therefore without zooming my picture would
  be less than one inch wide. If in my software I
  double the size of the image then each pixel is
  reproduce 3 additional time.

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Resolution - 3

• If the image is to be used on the web. Monitor
  resolution in general is 96 dpi. Therefore, my
  picture would appear to be about nine inches wide
  and be of good quality via of the monitor.

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Zooming

• Cameras will state digital zooming and optical
  zooming.
• The more expensive the greater amount of optical
  zooming.
• This is similar to what we discussed in the
  resolution topic.
• Optical zooming is using the entire CCD, Digital
  zooming is a creation of pixels

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Zooming - 2

• The smaller lighter weight cameras normally use
  digital zoom and little to no optical zoom.
• Larger more expensive cameras have some optical
  zoom.
• Professional cameras are only optical zoom.

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Color Depth

• What is 24 bit color? 30? 36? 42?
• All light received by CCD is either red, green or
  blue
• Therefore 24 bit color is divided into three 8
  bit channels. Which is representative of 28256
  therefore each channel can have that many
  different intensity levels or a total unique
  colors of 256x256x2561.68 million colors (more
  than the eye can detect)

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Art of Photography

• Need to observe more than just the subject.
• What do you want in the background?
• What do you want in the foreground?
• What is the sky like?
• Where is the sun?
• Do I need a flash?

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Art of Photography - 2

• How fast do I need to shoot?
• What does the aperture do?
• Are there other people in the picture?
• Where am I going to publish the picture (web,
  computer, printer)?
• What other sounds are around?
• Do I need to take an audio track and not even
  worry about the video?

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Physics of Photography

• Depth of Field
• What is a polarizer?
• Why is the sky blue?
• Why are sunsets red?
• How do I get reflections and blue sky?

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Software

• Photoshop
• MovieMaker II
• Premier