Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri.

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Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
Fri.
Week of Sept. 29
Oct. 3 Exam 1
Wet outdoor lab wear closed-toed shoes
Week of Oct. 6
Indoor lab bring calculator
Week of Oct. 13
No labs Fall Break
Week of Oct. 20
Wet, muddy outdoor lab wear closed-toed shoes
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Outline for organisms

• Introduction and review of adaptation
• What do organisms need to survive
• and reproduce?
• How do organisms cope with variability?
• example of variability
• in food resources

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optimal foraging theory organisms will forage
in a way that maximizes energy intake per time
while minimizing risk In lab had to forage in
way that maximized bean capture and minimized
getting tagged by predator
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Central place foraging - bigger area, more
food - bigger area, more travel time
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Figure 9.16
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Figure 9.17
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Figure 9.18
Do starlings forage optimally?
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Risk-sensitive foraging - balancing benefit of
food with cost of predation
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Figure 9.19
Should an organism risk predation to forage in an
area with a lot of food?
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1. Which of the following biomes have water
deficits during the growing season? a.
tundra b. desert c. woodland/shrubland
(chaparral) d. both b and c   2. Only one of the
following lists correctly ranks four terrestrial
biomes from most to least productive. Which is
it? a. tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal
forest, savanna, tundra b. tropical rain
forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra,
savanna c. temperate seasonal forest, tropical
rain forest, tundra, savanna d. temperate
seasonal forest, tropical rain forest, savanna,
tundra e. temperate seasonal forest, savanna,
tropical rain forest, tundra
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3. Of the following types of adaptations, which
is/are reversible?  a. developmental b.
behavioral c. physiological d. both a and c   4.
On an island off the east coast of central
Africa, wind blows over the Indian Ocean from the
east and then goes over a tall mountain range
that runs from north to south down the length of
the island. As a result,   a. tropical seasonal
forests occur on the east side of the island, and
tropical rainforests occur on the west. b.
tropical rainforests occur on both sides of the
island. c. tropical rainforests occur on the east
side of the island, and tropical seasonal
forests occur on the west. d. tropical seasonal
forests occur on the east side of the island,
and woodland/shrublands occur on the west.
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5. Which of the following systems has the most
clearly defined boundaries?   a. organism b.
population c. community d. ecosystem e. all of
the above have clearly defined boundaries   6.
Which of the following phenomenon triggers an
ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) event?   a.
development of an unusually cold high-pressure
air mass in the Antarctic region b. a volcanic
eruption, which cools global climate by several
degrees Celsius c. reversal of high and low
pressure areas in the equatorial central Pacific
Ocean d. any of the above can trigger an ENSO
event.
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7.The formulation of hypotheses represents a
critical step in the scientific process. In the
simplest terms, what is a hypothesis?   a. an
explanation b. an experiment c. an observation d.
a proven fact   8. Coral reefs can be found on
the southeast coast of the United States but not
at similar latitudes on the southwestern coast.
Differences in which of the following most likely
account for this? a. sunlight b. salinity c. day
length d. ocean currents
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9. Many populations of different species living
in the same place make up an ecological
__________.   10. The earth's atmosphere
circulates in massive belts, three each in the
northern and southern hemispheres. These belts
account for some climate variability and are
referred to as __________.
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Structure of course
Environmental variability Organisms Ecosystems Pop
ulations Species interactions Communities
Applied Ecological Issues
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Outline for ecosystems
Introduction How does energy move through an
ecosystem? How does matter move through an
ecosystem?
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Ecosystem communities of organisms and the
physical and chemical components of their
environment Ecosystem approach focus is on
movement of energy and matter through different
compartments of ecosystems
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Questions asked by ecosystem ecologists
How productive are ecosystems? What controls
their productivity? How are primary and
secondary productivity related? How are
nutrients transformed and cycled in ecosystems?
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Ecosystem services / ecosystem functions

• processes carried out in ecosystems that benefit
  humans
• - e.g., food production, nutrient regeneration,
  degradation of pollutants, erosion control

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Ecosystem Management
- process of sustaining ecosystems, their
processes, and the services they provide for
future generations
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Ecosystem Management
1. People must manage ecosystems 2. Ecosystem
processes and services can be reasonably
self-sustaining under some but not all management
regimes.
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(No Transcript)
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Figure 6.3
energy lost
Net production
Gross production
Biomass stored energy
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Figure 6.8
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Net photosynthetic efficiency percentage of
energy from sunlight that is converted to net
primary production.