Chapter%208:%20Configuring%20Network%20Connectivity

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Chapter 8 Configuring Network Connectivity
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Objectives

• Learn how to configure a network adapter
• Learn about the Network and Sharing Center
• Learn about Remote Access
• Learn about small Wireless Networks

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Installing Network Adapters

• Network adapter cards are hardware used to
  connect a computer, and other devices, to a
  network
• A driver must be installed
• Installation
• Plug and Play adapters will install automatically
• Non-Plug and Play adapters must be installed with
  the Add Hardware Wizard in Control Panel

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Configuring a Network Adapter

• Use Device Manager to configure
• StartgtComputergtSystem PropertiesgtDevice Manager
• Expand Network Adapter icon and open the N.I.C.
• Network adapters Properties dialog box tabs
  available.
• General tab
• Advanced tab
• Driver tab
• Details tab
• Resources tab
• Power Management tab

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Configuring a Network Adapter

• General tab
• Name of the Adapter and Manufacturer
• Advanced tab
• Varies because it is Manufacturer dependant and
  should not be touched unless instructed to
• Driver tab
• Driver provider (Microsoft or Manufacturer)
• Version and date driver was released
• Location of the driver (useful for
  troubleshooting)
• The ability to install, update, rollback, or
  disable driver

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Configuring a Network Adapter

• Details tab
• Is new to Vista
• Provides information about the network adapter
• Device description
• Bus number
• Problem codes
• Driver information
• Resources tab
• Provides the device resource information needed
  by all hardware in the computer
• IRQ
• I/O address
• Memory
• Power Management tab
• Lists the power management settings for the
  network adapter, such as the ability to turn off
  the adapter if not in use to save power.

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Troubleshooting Network Adapters

• Common causes of network adapter problems
• Network adapter not on the HCL (Microsofts
  Hardware Compatibility List)
• Contact vendor for advice
• Outdated network card driver
• Get the latest driver from vendor website
• Network adapter card not recognized by Windows
  Vista
• Try manually installing
• Hardware not working properly
• Run diagnostics that came with adapter
• Select Diagnose from network connections
• Check cable

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Troubleshooting Network Adapters

• Common causes of network adapter problems
• Improperly configured network protocols
• Improperly configured network card
• Auto detect speed
• Full duplex
• Bad cable
• Especially tricky if connecting to a patch panel
  or jack
• Bad network connection device
• Hub
• Switch
• Router

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Network and Sharing CenterUsed to view and
configure network devices, as well as to share
files and printers
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Network LocationsProvides the name of the
network and the type of connection

• Public
• Used for unsecure, public networks
• Does not allow discovery between networked
  computers
• Private
• Used for secure, private networks
• Allows discovery between networked computers

Firewall will be set automatically depending on
your selection.
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Sharing and Discovery

• Network Discovery
• Computer will be able to see other networked
  computers and devices. Those devices can also
  detect you.
• Automatic On Private Off Public
• File Sharing
• Three folders shared by default
• Public
• All users on the network have read/write access
• Public docs, downloads, music, pictures, video.
• Users
• A folder that only the authenticated user can
  access
• Printers
• All installed printers

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Sharing and Discovery

• Public Folder Sharing
• Turn on to open files
• Turn on and allow full access
• Turn off sharing
• Turning on, enables File Sharing
• Printer Sharing
• Allows printer sharing
• Turning on printer sharing, also turns on file
  sharing as well
• Password Protected Sharing
• If turned on, only users with local accounts can
  authenticate and use a shared resource.
• Media Sharing
• If turned on, users can access your shared music,
  pictures, video, etc, and you will be able to
  locate shared media on other computers.

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Tasks PaneFound on the left hand side of the
Network and Sharing Center, and used for

• View Computers and Devices
• Much better than XP and previous
• Connect to a Network
• Allows you to filter(wireless,dialup, etc.)
• Manage Wireless Networks
• Even if not connected
• Set Up a (New) Connection or Network
• Manage (Existing) Network Connections
• Diagnose and Repair
• Will attempt to fix, as well as give an option to
  report the problem to Microsoft

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Remote Access

• Two methods of remote access
• Dial-in connection to a Remote Access Service
  (RAS) Server
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) Connection
• All data is encapsulated and encrypted.

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Remote Access

• Tunneling Protocols
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) for RAS
• Developed by Microsoft and other industry leaders
• Less secure than L2TP, but easier to configure
• Used with CHAP v2 to provide secure Dial-Up
• Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
• An industry standard VPN protocol
• Used to send IP packets over the internet or
  other public IP network
• Most secure when used in conjunction with IPSec
  (Encryption)

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Remote Access

• Authentication Methods used by Vista
• Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
• Plain Text password authentication
• Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
  (CHAP)
• Uses a challenge/response hashing scheme to
  eliminate clear text password transfer.
• Microsoft CHAP v2 (MS-CHAPv2)
• Adds to CHAP by providing stronger encryption and
  different encryption keys for sending and
  receiving
• Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
• Used for secure authentication with devices such
  as smartcards (credit card type devices used with
  a reader)

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Remote Access

• Encryption Options
• Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE)
• PPTP (Point to-Point Tunneling Protocol) does
  not provide data encryption on its own. It
  utilized MPPE to provide it.
• Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
• Provides high level DES (Data Encryption
  Standard) encryption
• Data integrity
• Data confidentiality services

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Supporting Wireless Network Connections

• As wireless technology becomes more mature and
  cost effective, the use of wireless network
  adapters is increasingly popular.
• Vista Supports auto-configuration.
• Vista automatically finds available wireless
  networks, and attaches to the preferred network.
• StartgtNetworkgtNetwork and Sharing CentergtManage
  Wireless Networks

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Connecting to a Wireless NetworkYou will be
asked for network name (SSID) and possibly a
Security Key or Passphrase
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Configuring Security for a Wireless Network

• Disable SSID (Service Set Identifier) broadcast
• The name of the wireless network
• Create MAC (Media Access Control) address filter
• Unique identifier assigned to every network
  adapter
• Enable Encryption
• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
• Extremely easy to decrypt
• Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
• WPA version 2 (WPA2)

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Overview of TCP/IP

• Required for Internet connectivity
• Installed by default in Vista
• Main protocols that provide basic TCP/IP services
  include
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

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Basics of IPv4 Addressing

• 32-bit address, four field address
• Uniquely identifies your computer on the network
• Written in dotted decimal notation
  (192.168.1.144)
• Part identifies network and part identifies host
• Subnet mask
• Used to specify the network portion and host
  portion of an address
• Address classes
• Class A
• 255.0.0.0 16,777,214 hosts
• Class B
• 255.255.0.0 65,534 hosts
• Class C
• 255.255.255.0 254 hosts
• Default Gateway

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Methods of IP Address Assignment

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Assigns IP addressing information to computers
• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
• Static Address Configuration
• Alternate Configuration
• Mainly for laptops that my visit 2 locations
• Main DHCP Configuration and an alternate Fix
  address for example.

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Domain Name System (DNS) Servers

• Used to resolve domain names, such as
  www.sybex.com, to IP addresses.
• DNS servers maintain a distributed database of
  all the registered domains and their IP
  addresses.
• HOSTS files are used if DNS servers are not
  available.

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Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) Servers

• Used to resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses.
• NetBIOS names are primarily used for backwards
  compatibility with Windows NT 4.
• LMHOSTS files are used if WINS servers are not
  available.

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IPv6 Addressing

• 128-bit addresses
• Allows for a much larger address space than IPv4
  (32 bit)
• IPv4 4,294,967,296 addresses
• IPv6 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,
  211,456 addresses
• Can coexist with IPv4

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IPv6 Addressing

• Written in hexadecimal format
• 8 Groups of 4 Hexadecimal characters
• Equivalent examples
• 0123045607890000000000AB00CD00EF
• 12345678900ABCDEF
• Leading Zeros can be left off
• 123456789ABCDEF
• Additionally 2 Zeros can be replaced by 2 colons
  

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Testing IP Configuration

• ipconfig
• Displays your IP configuration
• Switches
• ipconfig /all
• ipconfig /release
• ipconfig /renew
• ping
• Tests connectivity between two computers

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TCP/IP Troubleshooting

• Use IPConfig to determine if you are getting an
  IP address and where it is coming from
• DHCP or Fixed
• If you can access a resource by IP but not name,
  then suspect DNS
• If you can access resources on your subnet, but
  not another, suspect the default gateway
• If you can access some resources on your subnet,
  but not others, suspect physical connectivity
  issue.