Strength Assessment

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glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole
2
Stoichiometry is the same irrespective of
pathway e.g. same in bomb calorimeter as in
body
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glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole
5
glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole
from there 2 equations we derive our toolkit
tools Interpreting ..

• VO2 VCO2 in terms of rates CHO fat oxid
  (g/min)
• RERs
• oxid CHO fat in terms of energy/gram
• oxid CHO fat in terms of energy/litre O2

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1. Since CHO and fat oxidation are the only
sources of O2 consumption . So we can say
that VO2 VO2 carbohydrate VO2 fat
VCO2 VCO2 carbohydrate VCO2 fat
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1. Since CHO and fat oxidation are the only
sources of O2 consumption . So we can say
that VO2 VO2 carbohydrate VO2 fat
VCO2 VCO2 carbohydrate VCO2 fat
See lecture notes for derivation
Rate of CHO oxidation (g/min) 4.55VCO2
3.21VO2 Rate of fat oxidation (g/min)
1.67VO2 1.67CO2
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2. Measurement of RER allows determination of
fuel mix (fats vs. CHO) during exercise
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2. Measurement of RER allows determination of
fuel mix (fats vs. CHO) during exercise
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) ratio
CO2 production O2 consumption
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2. Measurement of RER allows determination of
fuel mix (fats vs. CHO) during exercise
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) ratio
VCO2 VO2
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C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6
H2O C15H31COOH 23 O2 ? 16 CO2 16 H2O
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C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6
H2O C15H31COOH 23 O2 ? 16 CO2 16 H2O
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C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O 6 ? 6
1.0 C15H31COOH 23 O2 ? 16 CO2 16 H2O 16
? 23 0.71
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose and palmitate?
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 2,823 kJ
• ? 2,823 kJ
  ? kJ.g-1
• wt of 1 mole in grams

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Calculate the molecular weight of glucose
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Calculate the molecular weight of glucose
C6H12O6
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Calculate the molecular weight of glucose
C6H12O6
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Calculate the molecular weight of glucose
C6H12O6
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 2,823 kJ
• ? 2,823 kJ
  ? kJ.g-1
• wt of 1 mole in grams

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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 2,823 kJ
• ? 2,823 kJ
  15.7 kJ.g-1
• 180 g

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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 2,823 kJ
• ? 2,823 kJ
  16 kJ.g-1
• 180 g

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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glucose

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 2,823 kJ
• ? 2,823 kJ
  16 kJ.g-1
• 180 g

In terms of energy value of foodsall CHOs have
values 16-17 kJ.g-1
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?
65 by weight of glycogen is water
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?

• 65 by weight of glycogen is water
• ? 17.5 kJ.g-1

oxidation energy dry weight
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?

• 65 by weight of glycogen is water
• ? 17.5 kJ.g-1 x 35
• 100

oxidation energy dry weight
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?

• 65 by weight of glycogen is water
• ? 17.5 kJ.g-1 x 35 6 kJ.g-1
• 100

oxidation energy wet weight
oxidation energy dry weight
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
glycogen?

• 65 by weight of glycogen is water
• ? 17.5 kJ.g-1 x 35 6 kJ.g-1
• 100

oxidation energy wet weight
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
palmitate?
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Calculate the molecular weight of palmitate
C15H31COOH
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Calculate the molecular weight of palmitate
C15H31COOH
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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
palmitate?

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 10,024 kJ
• ? 10,024 kJ
  ? kJ.g-1
• 256 g

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3. How much energy per gram for combustion of
palmitate?

• Combustion of 1 mole ? 10,024 kJ
• ? 10,024 kJ
  39 kJ.g-1
• 256 g

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Conclusion 1 oxidation of CHOs release
substantially less energy per gram than fats
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3. How much energy per gram for fuel
combustion?
Energy yield for oxidation of body fuels (kJ.g-1)

glucose
glycogen
fat
39
16
6
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3. How much energy per gram for fuel
combustion?
Energy yield for oxidation of body fuels (kJ.g-1)

glucose
glycogen
fat
39
16
6
Conclusion oxidation of CHOs release
substantially less energy per gram than fats
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NB for Helens Nutrition subject
-1
Energy Yield From Fuel Oxidation (kJ.g
)
fat
carbohydrate
protein
37
16
17
Values are dry weights
Values are corrected for average extent of
absorption
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4. How much energy per litre of O2 consumed
for combustion of glucose and palmitate?
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glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
glucose
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole palmitate
43
glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
glucose
C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H2O 2,823
kJ/mole O2 6
6
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole palmitate
44
glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
glucose
C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H2O 470.5
kJ/mole O2 6
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole palmitate
45
glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
glucose
C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H2O 470.5
kJ/mole O2 6
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole palmitate
C15H31COOH O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole O2 23 23
23 23

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glucose
C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 2,823 kJ/mole
glucose
C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H2O 470.5
kJ/mole O2 6
palmitate
C15H31COOH 23O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 10,024
kJ/mole palmitate
C15H31COOH O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 435.8
kJ/mole O2 23 23
23
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glucose
C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H2O 470.5
kJ/mole O2 6
palmitate
C15H31COOH O2 ? 16CO2 16H2O 435.8
kJ/mole O2 23 23
23
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glucose

470.5 kJ/mole O2

palmitate

435.8 kJ/mole O2

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A mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 litres at STP
glucose

470.5 kJ/mole O2

palmitate

435.8 kJ/mole O2

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A mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 litres at STP
glucose

470.5 kJ/ litre O2

22.4
palmitate

435.8 kJ/litre O2

22.4
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glucose

21 kJ/ litre O2
palmitate

19.5 kJ/litre O2

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Conclusion oxidation of CHOs and fats
release similar amounts of energy per litre of
O2
glucose

21 kJ/ litre O2
palmitate

19.5 kJ/litre O2

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Conclusion oxidation of CHOs and fats
release similar amounts of energy per litre of
O2
As an approximation well say that oxid of CHO or
fat liberates

21 kJ/ litre O2
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Energy Storage in a Typical Human
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1 mm
56
1 mm
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Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
Muscle
Carbohydrate
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Blood e.c glucose
Body protein
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Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
Muscle
59
Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
321,900
10.3
3,800
32
Muscle
11,100
0.4
132
1.1
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Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
8,700
321,900
10.3
3,800
32
Muscle
300
11,100
0.4
132
1.1
61
Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
8,700
321,900
10.3
3,800
32
Muscle
300
11,100
0.4
132
1.1
Carbohydrate
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Blood e.c glucose
Body protein
8,808
150,000
15
15
1,800
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Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
8,700
321,900
10.3
3,800
32
Muscle
300
11,100
0.4
132
1.1
Carbohydrate
Liver glycogen
1,500
0.05
18
0.05
Muscle glycogen
71
6,000
0.2
0.6
Blood e.c glucose
320
0.01
0.03
4
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Tissue fuel store ( 65 kg man 14 body fat)
Approximate
Period which fuel store
total fuel reserve
would provide energy
Min of
Days of
marathon
Days of
g
kJ
walking
running
starvation
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
8,700
321,900
10.3
3,800
32
Muscle
300
11,100
0.4
132
1.1
Carbohydrate
Liver glycogen
250
1,500
0.05
18
0.05
Muscle glycogen
71
1,000
6,000
0.2
0.6
Blood e.c glucose
20
320
0.01
0.03
4
Body protein
8,808
150,000
15
15
1,800
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Energy Storage in a Typical Human
Tissue fuel store
total fuel reserve
g
kJ
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
75 kg male
65 kg female
Muscle
Carbohydrate
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Blood e.c. glucose
Body protein
assuming body fat is 14 for male and 26 for
female
wet weight
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Energy Storage in a Typical Human
Tissue fuel store
total fuel reserve
g
kJ
Triglyceride (fat)
Adipose tissue
9,000
333,000
75 kg male
17,000
629,000
65 kg female
Muscle
300
11,000
Carbohydrate
1,500
Liver glycogen
250
1,000
6,000
Muscle glycogen
20
320
Blood e.c. glucose
9,000
150,000
Body protein
assuming body fat is 14 for male and 26 for
female
wet weight