Monitoring Hawaiis volcanoes

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Monitoring Hawaiÿis volcanoes
USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
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April 6, Puÿu ÿÖÿö crater
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April 25, Puÿu ÿÖÿö crater
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May 12, Mothers Day, Southwest Flank of Puÿu ÿÖÿö
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January-July 2002 Pressurization of Kïlaueas
plumbing
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Baseline across Mokuÿäweoweo Caldera, Mauna Loa
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Seismic Monitoring at the Hawaiian Volcano
Observatory
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Overview

• Seismic monitoring began in 1912 with
  installation of seismographs purchased by Thomas
  Jaggar in the Whitney vault.
• Modern-day telemetry allows for an islandwide
  seismographic network.
• The HVO seismic network must address needs for
  volcanic, seismic, and tsunami hazard monitoring
  and mitigation in Hawaii

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Seismic Network

• Comprised of over 50 sites on Hawaii and Maui
• 32 single-component sites have 1 Hz standard USGS
  short-period, vertical geophones
• Remaining sites have a combination of 2, 3, 4, or
  6 components, 3 are co-sited with accelerometers
• Three 3-component Guralp broadband/Episensor
  accelerometers are fed through Earthworm.
• Cooperative agreement with NOAA/Pacific Tsunami
  Warning Center transmits 6 additional stations on
  Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu to HVO.

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Typical Field Installation

• Component box Contains power supply and
  voltage-controlled oscillator for FM telemetry
  back to the Observatory.
• Solar panels
• Radio antenna
• Seismometer(s) either buried or in the box.
• At HVO, the signals are sorted (demultiplexed),
  digitized, and stored on several acquisition
  systems.

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Automated Processing

• Primary digitization and pre-processing done
  using the Caltech-USGS Processing (CUSP) system
  events are declared utilizing triggered subnets.
• Rapid e-mail alerting by the ISAIAH suite of
  programs (Information on Seismic Activity in a
  Hurry).
• Parallel event location using the Earthworm
  system. When available, event duration
  magnitudes are merged with ISAIAH solutions.
• Web display using a customized version of Bob
  Simpsons Recenteqs software.

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Web Posting of Earthquake Information
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Manual Processing

• All catalogued events are manually processed by a
  data analyst using a graphical interface, TIMIT.
• Events undergo further review in Hypoinverse,
  using a dual crustal model for Hawaii Island.
• Reviewed parameters and felt data are posted to
  the HVO and ANSS web sites.
• Periodic phase data and event summary files are
  produced for maps and other research uses.
• CUSP waveform data are archived on
  magneto-optical media.

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Hawaiian Seismicity
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Seismicity of the Island of Hawaii, 2003 M gt 1.5
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Depth Distribution of Seismicity, 2003 (M gt 1.5)
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Temporal Distribution of Seismicity, 2003 (M
gt1.5)
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Future Directions

• Continue automated Earthworm tuning and
  implementation (ML magnitudes using REFTEK
  broadbands, event triggering).
• Test and implement interactive Earthworm
  capability for manual event timing (version 6.2).
• Develop enhanced data products, such as Shakemap
  and rapid focal mechanisms as more modern
  broadband instruments go on-line.
• Refine recent advances in volcanic LP event
  processing using cross-correlation of amplitude
  distributions for routine analysis of such events.