DOE Perspective: Modernization of the Electricity Grid

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DOE Perspective Modernization of the Electricity
Grid
November 18, 2002 Workshop on Modernizing the
National Electric Power Grid - New Orleans, LA

• Abbie W. Layne
• Department of Energy

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Relevant DOE Program Areas

• Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
• Electricity Reliability, Storage,
  Superconductivity, Distributed Energy Resources
• Office of Fossil Energy
• Electric Power Regulatory Team, Storage,
  Distributed Energy Resources
• Office of Energy Assurance
• Energy InfrastructureTechnology Program SCADA
  test bed, National Infrastructure Simulation and
  Analysis Center, Vulnerability Assessments,
  planned cyber/physical security RD
• Office of Electricity Transmission and
  Distribution
• No existing programs, currently in planning stage

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The Office of Energy Assurance
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Mission

• Work through the states and with industry and to
  lead the federal governments effort to ensure a
  secure and reliable flow of energy to Americas
  homes, industry, public service facilities and
  the transportation system
• Work to strengthen Homeland Security through the
  application of science and technology to improve
  the reliability and security of the national
  energy infrastructure

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Vision

• No surprises
• If we do our job right, any energy emergency in
  the country will have been thought out,
  exercised, contingencies put in place,
  interdependencies determined before it happens.
  Further, industry leaders, state officials, the
  Secretary of Energy and the President will get
  timely information on potential impacts to the
  energy system with options, contingencies and
  remedial actions to be taken regardless of the
  source of the emergency

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Functions

• Identify potential threats to the national energy
  infrastructure
• Lead and coordinate outreach efforts to expand
  cooperation and create partnerships among the
  federal government, states and industry
• Provide Government and Industry Leaders with
  analysis of vulnerabilities and develop
  scientific and technological solutions to correct
  or mitigate

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Functions

• Develop contingency plans to minimize risks to
  the economy and public health and safety through
  analysis of interdependencies and modeling of the
  cascading effects of events that affect the
  energy infrastructure
• Provide industry the information necessary to
  implement security plans that effect or deter
  terrorist acts through target hardening and
  implementation of procedures that complicate
  terrorists attack planning

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Functions

• Coordinate national, state and industry response
  and recovery capabilities to ensure seamless
  integration of plans and procedures
• Identify DOE technologies and capabilities that
  can protect our nations critical energy
  infrastructures and facilitate their use by the
  private sector and other federal agencies

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Organization

• Office of Energy Reliability
• Coordinates Department of Energy policy
  development and intergovernmental, interagency
  activities related the protection and reliability
  of the national energy infrastructure
• Office of Energy Emergencies
• Ensures we are prepared to support states and
  industry efforts to plan for, respond to and
  mitigate actions that disrupt the national energy
  infrastructure
• Office of Energy Infrastructure
• The Energy Infrastructure Team works with the
  National Energy Sector to develop the capability
  required for protecting the nation's energy
  infrastructures by identifying DOE technologies
  and capabilities that can protect our nation's
  critical energy infrastructures and facilitating
  their use by the private sector and other federal
  agencies

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There Has Been a Government Wide Critical
Infrastructure Protection Effort

• PCCIP, PDD 63
• Lead Agencies in each area
• DOE gets lead in energy sectors
• NIPC, CIAO, IAOP, IFIP, NERC CIP
• OEA New office for energy assurance
• OHS Not yet clear how they will affect the
  process
• DHS Department of Homeland Security

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Homeland Security Plan

• Department of Homeland Security
• Have own funding line item, but supported broadly
  by established entities in existing agencies
  (DOD, FEMA, DOJ, DOE, others)
• Four Divisions
• Border/Transportation Security
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Information Analysis and Protection
• Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear
  Countermeasures
• Office of Homeland Security
• Coordinates planning DHS and other departments
  activities
• OSTP/OHS has specific contacts for RD planning

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DOE Has Conducted Planning for the Energy Sector

• Preliminary Research and Development Roadmap for
  Protecting and Assuring Critical National
  Infrastructure -- July, 1998
• Roadmap for Infrastructure Assurance -- December,
  1999
• DOE Task Force for Energy Infrastructure
  Assurance -- December, 2001
• DOE National Transmission Grid Study -- May, 2002
  
• Energy Sections of White House National Cyber and
  Critical Infrastructure Protection Plans

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Energy Infrastructure Technology Development
Roadmap

• 1 MM of funding for technology planning during
  FY 2002
• Potential for multi-million dollar level funding
  in FY 2003
• Preliminary Schedule(subject to change)
• October 31, 2002 Draft White-papers completed
• November 29, 2002 Final White-papers
• December 15, 2002 Final Program Plan
• March-May, 2003 Roadmap Workshops
• May, 2003 Final Roadmap Report

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Federal Energy Security Technology Activities
will Expand Considerably

• DOE energy assurance activities - responsible DOE
  Labs
• NISAC - SNL/LANL/NETL
• SCADA test bed - SNL/INEL
• Energy Infrastructure Training and Analysis
  Center(EITAC) - NETL
• Vulnerability Assessments - Multi Lab/Industry
• Technology Program (Cyber and Physical Energy
  Technologies) -NETL

• Envisioned Technology Program Components
• Flexible Automation Technology and Encryption
  Standards
• Sensor and Warning Technology
• National Level Monitoring and Detection of
  Infrastructure
• Real-time Grid Management and Control
• Electric system vulnerability assessment
• Real-time Grid Anomaly Detection
• Transmission and Distribution
• Analysis of Scale, Complexity of Energy Systems

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A Significant DOE Activity Has Included
Vulnerability Assessments

• IAOP Assessments (DOE, PNNL, SNL, ORNL, ANL,)
• Lab Red Team Assessments - SNL
• Vulnerability Assessments --
• Vulnerability and risk assessments
• Results confirm risk potential
• Vulnerabilities cross equipment, companies, and
  geographical boundaries
• State, regional, and national assessments
• Cyber attack assessments
• Will be used for definition of RD needs

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Vision -- National Security Center for Energy
Communications and Controls

• Technology Development and Testing
• Establish and utilize existing and future
  facilities for test beds and concurrent
  simulation capability
• Technology Transfer and Commercialization
• Establish outreach, demonstration, and technology
  transfer partnerships with energy infrastructure
  owners/operators

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Vision -- National Security Center for Energy
Communications and Controls

• Standards and Working Groups
• Work through the International Electro-technical
  Commission, industry, IEEE, NIST, and other
  organizations, to develop the standards necessary
  to provide secure SCADA systems throughout the
  U.S. infrastructure
• Collaborative Partnerships
• Coordinate joint sponsorship with the European
  Commission and other collaborative partners to
  accelerate achievement of programmatic goals

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A Significant Activity Will Begin in FY03 The
DOE Testbed for SCADA/Process Controls

• Located Physically between SNL-INEL
• Near term define vulnerabilities, standards,
  monitoring systems
• Mid termimproved secure architectures for SCADA
  systems, power grid/pipeline TD systems
  modeling and simulation
• Long term Next generation (intelligent
  infrastructures)

• The Testbed is a cornerstone of the larger OEA
  effort
• Maps to all mission areas for energy assurance
  related to communication and control

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Potential Areas for Technology Based Solutions

• High voltage transformer stockpiling and
  modularity/evaluate HTSC applications
• Improved physical security and monitoring
• Preventing electro - magnetic pulse attacks
• Improved cyber security
• process controls(EMS, SCADA, wide area
  measurements)
• intelligent/adaptive systems, power system
  stabilizers, examination of overall protective
  relaying
• CERTs for electricity sector
• System architecture distributed generation,
  intelligent load-shedding, renewable energy and
  conservation

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Abbie Layne, Contact Info DOE Office of Energy
Assurance/ National Energy Technology
Laboratory Phone [phone] Email
alayne_at_netl.doe.gov