TAKS 8th Grade Science Review Objective 4

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TAKS 8th Grade Science ReviewObjective 4

• Motion, Forces and Energy

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DRY MIX
D
R
Y
ependent Var
espondent
Average Grades
M IX
anipulated Var
ndependent Var
Time Studying
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Newtons 3 Laws of Motion

• Law of Inertia A body at rest wants to remain at
  rest, a body moving in motion wants to continue
  in motion unless acted on by an outside force.
• Force mass x acceleration
• For every action there is an equal and opposite
  reaction.

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Formula Chart

• Density mass/volume
• Speed (Velocity) distance/time
• Force mass x acceleration
• Work force x distance
• Weight mass x acceleration due to gravity
• g acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s2
• 1 cm3 1 mL

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Car Ramp Lab Formulas

• Speed (Velocity) distance/time
• Acceleration velocity (final) velocity
  (initial) change in time
• Force mass x acceleration
• Momentum mass x velocity
• Kinetic Energy ½ (mass x velocity2)
• Potential Energy (Gravitational) mass x
  acceleration (gravity) x height

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Car Ramp Lab
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Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work or cause change
• Different forms of energy electrical,
  mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.
• Energy transformation is the change from one
  energy form to another for example
• Your car changes chemical energy into mechanical
  energy
• Your electric stove changes electricity into
  thermal energy
• A plant uses solar energy and changes it into
  chemical energy

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Sources of Energy

• Renewable
• Nonrenewable
• Inexhaustible

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Potential vs Kinetic Energy

• Kinetic Energy energy of motion
• Potential Energy stored energy

Looking at the following formulas, determine what
variable effects each type of energy the most.
(Hint use some simple numbers in the formulas).

• Kinetic Energy ½ (mass x velocity2)
• Potential Energy mass x acceleration(gravity) x
  height

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Waves

• Reflection
• Refraction
• Diffraction

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Reflection
light tends to travel in a straight line, unless
it is acted on by some external force or
condition.

Reflection light bounces off of a surface and
starts traveling abruptly in a different
direction.
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Refraction

• Refraction of waves involves a change in the
  direction of waves as they pass from one medium
  to another. Refraction, or bending of the path of
  the waves, is accompanied by a change in speed
  and wavelength of the waves.

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Diffraction

• Diffraction involves a change in direction of
  waves as they pass through an opening or around a
  barrier in their path. Waves have the ability to
  travel around corners, around obstacles and
  through openings.

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