Strmung und Verbrennung in Gasturbinen Thermoakustik 1

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Strömung und Verbrennung in GasturbinenThermoakus
tik 1

• 3. Teil Review Paper

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Task

• Write paper (10-15 pages) on a topic related to
  gas turbines
• Paper to be written in the AIAA format
• Present paper in a 15 min presentation
• Group size 2 3 students

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Topics

• Wet Cycle Combustion
• Vergleich Blockheizkraftwerk vs. Gas- und
  Dampfturbinenkraftwerk
• Hydrogen Combustion

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Wet Cycle Combustion

• Betrachtung von Dampfeinspritzung in
• Kompressor
• Brennkammer
• Was ist die Idee? Prinzipien beschreiben.
• Vergleich zum trockenen einfachen bzw.
  rekuperativen Prozess
• Wie verändert sich der Kreisprozess (Skizze),
  Wirkungsgrad, Leistung, etc (allgemein
  thermodynamische Betrachtung)
• Betrachtung weiterer Vor- und Nachteile (z.B.
  Emissionen, Werkstoffbelastung, resultierende
  Kosten)

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Wet Cycle Combustion

• Literatur
• J.H. Horlock, Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles
• Fischer, Frutschi, Haselbacher, Augmentation of
  Gas Turbine Power Output by Steam Injection, ASME
  paper 2001-GT-0107
• Nelson, Vaezi, Cheng, A Fifty Percent Plus
  Efficiency Mid Range Advanced Cheng Cycle, ASME
  paper GT-2002-30123
• Hermann, Klingmann, Gabrielsson, Computational
  and Experimental Investigation of Emissions in a
  Highly Humified Premixed Flame, ASME paper
  GT2003-38337
• Cheng, Nelson, The Chronological Development of
  the Cheng Cycle Steam Injected Gas Turbine During
  the Past 25 Years
• ASME CDs 2000-2007 vorhanden
• Lechner, Seume, Stationäre Gasturbinen

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Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) vs. Gas-und
Dampfturbinenkraftwerk (GuD)

• Vergleich zwischen BHKW und GuD, d.h. dezentrale
  Energieerzeugung vs. Großkraftwerk
• Schwerpunkt Emissionen
• Prinzipien beschreiben
• Thermodynamische Betrachtung
• Vor- und Nachteile (z.B. Kosten, Wirkungsgrad,
  Verteilung)

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Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) vs. Gas-und
Dampfturbinenkraftwerk (GuD)

• Literatur
• Lechner, Seume, Stationäre Gasturbinen
• Bücher BHKW, Gasturbinen (GuD) in Bibliothek

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Hydrogen Combustion

• CO2 free generation of electricity
• Use of other energy resources
• coal
• syngas
• etc.
• Current issues
• coal steam turbine cycle has lower efficiency as
  CCGT
• coal has higher carbon content than natural gas
• How to overcome these issues
• precombustion process
• pressurized gasification of coal with oxygen and
  water
• ? CO2 and H2
• Absorption of CO2
• Combustion of H2 in a gas turbine (either CC or
  wet cycle)

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Hydrogen Combustion

• Disadvantages
• high reactivity
• high flame speed
• difficult to mix before combustion occurs
• low energy density
• problem of flashback
• NOx might become an issue
• Life time of combustor with steam and H2
• Advantages
• no CO emissions
• possible wide operating range
• stage free gas turbine
• because of wide flammability limits of hydrogen
• applied to an IGCC plant (wet) requires only one
  type of fuel to be burned
• simpler burner, no multi fuel capability required

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Hydrogen Combustion

• Problems
• combustion technology for hydrogen in steam
  environment not available
• steam acts as a heat sink and delays ignition and
  pushes the flame further downstream
• flammability
• lean blow out
• high energy density combustors are more prone to
  thermoacoustic instabilities
• combustion technology for fuel premixing close to
  stochiometric ratio
• do we need to premix in a high water content
  environment?
• operational concept to operate stage free
• simpler and cheaper burner
• - less tuning possibilities when instabilities
  occur during commissioning
• turn down capability and speed to be investigated
• Low calorific value gt high volume flows with
  losses
• material problems at higher temperatures and
  corrosion with high water content ? life time

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Hydrogen Combustion

• Literature
• Luke F OKeefe et al., A Single IGCC Design for
  Variable CO2 Capture
• P. Chiesa, G. Lozza, L. Mazzocchi, Using Hydrogen
  as Gas Turbine Fuel, Journal of Engineering for
  Gas Turbine and Power, Vol. 127, pp. 73-80,
  January 2005
• D. M. Todd, R. A. Battista, Demonstrated
  Applicability of Hydrogen Fuel for Gas Tubines