Developing IT Systems

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Competing With Information Technology (BA 325)
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Behzad Hosseini
Developing IT Systems
C H A P T E R
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HOW SHOULD YOU GO ABOUT DEVELOPING SYSTEMS?

• 1.Traditional systems development life cycle
• 2.Prototyping
• 3.Application software packages
• 4.Computer-aided software engineering
• 5.Joint application development

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TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

• 1.Planning
• 2.Scoping
• 3.Analysis
• 4.Design
• 5.Implementation
• 6.Support

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PLANNING - STEP 1

• Key Tasks During Planning
• Aligning Organizational Goals and IT
• Identifying Specific Processes
• Identifying Specific Information
• Evaluating IT Systems
• Planning for What You Cant Live Without

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SCOPING - STEP 2

• Key Tasks During Scoping
• Determine which business units will be affected
• Gather the project team
• Review existing applications for needed
  interfaces
• Perform an initial feasibility review
• Develop a plan for proceeding
• Your Role During Scoping
• Define the exact problem or opportunity
• Participate in developing a plan for proceeding

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ANALYSIS - STEP 3

• Key Tasks During Analysis
• Model, study, and analyze the current system
• Define new information and processing
  requirements
• Model the new system (logical only)
• Update the project plan and scope
• Your Role During Analysis
• Provide information concerning how the system
  currently works.
• Provide information concerning new information
  and processing requirements.
• Monitor and justify the new feasibility review.

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DESIGN - STEP 4

• Key Tasks During Design
• Identify alternative technical solutions
• Analyze alternative solutions and choose the best
• Update the project plan and scope
• Your Role During Design
• Assure that the recommended technical solution
  meets the logical requirements.
• Monitor and justify the project plan.

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IMPLEMENTATION - STEP 5

• Key Tasks During Implementation
• Programming, testing, and training
• Hardware acquisition and installation
• Conversion
• PARALLEL
• PLUNGE
• PILOT
• PIECEMEAL
• Your Role During Implementation

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SUPPORT - STEP 6

• Key Tasks
• React to changes in information and processing
  needs.
• Assess the worth of the system in terms of the
  strategic plan of the organization.
• Your Role
• Provide a mechanism for people to request
  changes.
• Assess the worth of proposed changes before
  passing them to the IT specialists.

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WHO SHOULD DEVELOP SYSTEMS?

• 1.Insourcing
• 2.Selfsourcing
• 3.Outsourcing

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INSOURCING

• Advantages
• Disadvantages

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SELFSOURCING

• Develop your own systems
• An option for who
• Almost always employ prototyping as a how

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PROTOTYPING

• Prototyping
• Prototyping Can Aid In
• Gathering requirements
• Helping determine requirements
• Proving that a system is technically feasible
• Selling the idea of a proposed system.

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THE PROTOTYPING PROCESS

• 1.Identify Basic Requirements
• 2.Develop Initial Prototype
• 3.Knowledge Worker Reviewing
• 4.Revise and Enhance the Prototype

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PROTOTYPING

• Advantages
• Disadvantages

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SELFSOURCING PROCESS STEPS

• 1. Scoping
• 2. Analysis
• 3. Design
• 4. Implementation
• 5. Support

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SELFSOURCING

• Advantages
• Disadvantages

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OUTSOURCING

• 1.Purchase existing application software package.
• 2.Purchase existing application software package
  and request modifications.
• 3.Outsource development of a system for which no
  application software package exists.

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THE OUTSOURCING PROCESS

• Select a Target System
• Establish Logical Requirements
• Develop a Request for Proposal (RFP)
• Evaluate RFP Returns and Choose a Vendor
• Test and Accept the Solution
• Monitor and Reevaluate

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JOINT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (JAD)

• JAD s goal
• Participants include

- JAD facilitator - Knowledge workers -
Executive sponsor - IT specialists - Project
manager
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THE JAD PROCESS

• 1.Establish the JAD Project
• 2.Introduce the Project and JAD Workshop
• 3.Prepare JAD Workshop Materials
• 4.Perform the JAD Workshop

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EVALUATING IT SYSTEMS

• Cost-Benefit Analysis

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EVALUATING IT SYSTEMS

• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Risk Analysis

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EVALUATING IT SYSTEMS

• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Risk Analysis
• Capital Investment Analysis

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CONTINGENCY PLANNING

• 1.Discovering whats really important.

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CONTINGENCY PLANNING

• 1.Discovering whats really important.
• 2.Asking how much does it cost to have
  information unavailable.

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CONTINGENCY PLANNING

• 1.Discovering whats really important.
• 2.Asking how much does it cost to have
  information unavailable.
• 3.Balancing the cost of unavailability with the
  cost of recover.