Everything you wanted to know about APA

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Everything you wanted to know about APA.

• And were afraid to ask.

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RefWorks

• www.stfx.ca

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authors Becker, L.J., Seligman, C.
article title (1981). Welcome to the
journal title in italics energy
crisis. Journal of volume in italics
(issue) pages Social Issues, 37(2), 1-7.
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• Connell, D. (1997). Participatory
  development An approach sensitive to class and
  gender. Development Practice, 7(3), 248- 259.
• Borman, W.C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H.,
  Pulakos, E. D., White, L. A. (1993). Role of
  early supervisory experience in supervisor
  performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,
  78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from
  PsychARTICLES database.

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View Header Footer
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1

• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Participants
• Apparatus
• Design and Procedure
• Results
• Discussion
• References

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Psychology Department Web site

• http//www.stfx.ca/academic/psychology/

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Numbers and Variables

• A,B,Cs A,B,Cs or ABCs
• Xs and Os Xs and Os
• In the 1990s, In the 1990s

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Numbers

• Each of the nine participants was .
• Each of the 40 participants was..
• Forty participants were.

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Numbers

• Grouped for comparison
• 3 of 21 analyses
• 2 of the 20 responses
• but
• 15 traits on each of four checklists (traits and
  checklists are not being compared)

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Numbers

• Representing mathematical functions
• 3 times as many
• more than 5 of the sample

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Numbers

• Representing time, dates, ages, sample, or
  population size
• 2-year-olds
• In about 3 years . . .
• 2 weeks ago
• 3 participants (but seven observers)

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Numbers

• Back-to-back modifiers
• 2 two-way interactions
• Ten 7-point scales
• Twenty 6-year-olds

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Gender Bias

• When an individual conducts this kind of
  self-appraisal, he is a much stronger person

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Pronoun Agreement

• The researcher is instrumental . . . they . . .

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Neutral Expressions

• Stroke victim
• Population suffering from multiple sclerosis

• Individual who had a stroke
• People who have multiple sclerosis
• APA, 2001, p.76

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Neutral Forms of Description

• A person with ______
• A person living with _______
• A person who has _______
• (APA, 2001, p.69).

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APA Resources
http//library.csus.edu/guides/rogenmoserd/general
/style.html
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One Author

• One recent study showed another link between
  stress and peer pressure, which .. (Henke,
  2004).
• Henke (2004) showed another link between stress
  and peer pressure, which ..

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Two Authors always use both names

• The ethical implications are (Majumder
  Pencer, 2002).
• Majumder and Pencer (2002) discussed ....

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3,4,or 5 Authors First Citation

• They proved that .. (Henke, Lomore, Edwards,
  2004).
• Henke, Lomore, and Edwards (2004) proved
  that...

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3,4, or 5 Authors Subsequent Citations

• Shorten to first surname et al.
• The research proved that.(Henke et al., 2004).
• Henke et al. (2002) discovered that.

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Six Automatically use first surname et al.

• They clarified their results by.
• (MacLean et al., 2005).
• MacLean et al. (2005) clarified the
• results by..

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Secondary Sources

• You have found an interesting study done by
  someone else cited in the book you are reading
• Stern (1975, as cited in Bigelow, 2002)
  described ..
• The researcher described.. (Stern, 1975, as
  cited in Bigelow, 2002).

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