Research Results:Comprehension Strategies for Remedial Readers

1
Research ResultsComprehension Strategies for
Remedial Readers


Created by Christina Weischedel
2
What are some of the specific reasons why
remedial readers (especially learning disabled
students) struggle with comprehension?

• Ineffective search behaviors
• Inadequate decoding skills
• Inability to connect causal relationships
• Impaired working memory
• Lack of motivation

3
How does motivation factor into comprehension?
Remedial readers lack motivation because they can
not connect to the text.
Engaged readers are described as students who are
motivated, strategic, knowledgeable, and socially
interactive.
4

• students with LD require more instruction if
  they are to achieve mastery, particularly if the
  students are to be successful in transferring
  learned comprehension skills to new, untrained
  materials and retaining critical information
  (Rabren, Darch, Eaves, 1999).
• All previously stated instructional methods go
  from explicit teacher modeling, think alouds, and
  explanations as to how and why strategies are
  being used
• Flexibility in all models to accommodate the
  needs of the students

• Teacher
• Teacher-
• Student
• 3. Student

5
What does the research show are effective
comprehension strategies for remedial readers?

• Direct Instruction (Engelman, Becker, Carnine,
  Gersten, 1988)
• Transactional Strategy Instruction (Pressley et
  al., 1992)
• Collaborative Strategic Reading (Klinger, Vaughn,
  Schumm, 1998)

6
Direct Instruction By Darch 1993

1. Presentation of an explicit problem solving
   strategy
2. Mastery teaching of each step in the strategy
3. Development of specific correction procedures
   for student errors
4. A gradual transition from teacher-directed work
   to independent work, and
5. Built in cumulative review of previously taught
   concepts

7

Transactional Strategy Instruction 3 Phases of
Participation (Casteel, Isom, Jordan, (2000).
Creating confident and competent readers
transactional strategies instruction.
Intervention in School and Clinic, 34, p.68-69)

1. Explanation and Modeling
2. Practice and Coaching
3. Transfer of Responsibility

8
Collaborative Strategic Reading (Klinger
Vaughn, (1999). Promoting reading comprehension,
content learning, and English acquisition through
collaborative strategic reading (CSR). Reading
Teacher, 52, 738-747)

• Before Reading (Preview)
• During Reading (Click Clunk)
• (Get the Gist)
• After Reading (Wrap-up)

9
Fix-up Strategies
10
QAR Raphael, 1982
11
Graphic Organizers
12
Summarization
13

• Conclusion
• Educators seek to produce life-long readers. In
  order for this to occur, there must be some
  fundamental factors in place.
• Readers must be able to comprehend
• Direct Instruction, Transactional Strategies
  Instruction, and Collaborative Strategic Reading
  are three methods that proved effective when
  teaching remedial readers
• Students must be motivated to read
• Ultimate goal is to encourage intrinsic
  motivation
• Readers read for knowledge and enjoyment