Topic 4 Physical Behavior of matter

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Topic 4 Physical Behavior of matter

• Matter is anything that takes up space and has
  mass.
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
• Mass is resistance to change in motion along a
  smooth and level surface.

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Types of Matter

• Substance- a particular kind of matter pure
• Elements or Compounds
• Mixture- more than one kind of matter
• Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

3
Properties

• Words that describe matter (adjectives)
• Physical Properties- a property that can be
  observed and measured without changing the
  substance. (color, density, textures, etc.)
• Chemical Properties- a property that can only be
  observed by changing the type of substance.
  (Forming a new substance)

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States of matter

• Solid- matter that can not flow and has definite
  volume and definite shape.
• Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of
  its container (flows).
• Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape
  and can flow.
• Vapor- a substance that is currently a gas but
  normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

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States of Matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Temp. increase
Com-pressible?
Small Expansion.
Solid
YES
YES
NO
Small Expansion
Liquid
NO
NO
YES
Large Expansion
Gas
NO
NO
YES
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Liquid
Gas
Solid
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Physical Changes

• A change that changes appearances, without
  changing the composition.
• Examples?
• Boiled water is still water.
• Chemical changes - a change where a new form of
  matter is formed.
• Examples?
• Rust.

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Heating and Cooling Curves (H2O)

• Solid, Liquid, Gas
• Fusion
• Vaporization
• Condensation
• Freezing
• Sublimation
• Deposition

Endothermic- Heating curves, absorbing heat, temp
? Exothermic- Cooling curves, releasing heat,
temp ?
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Temperature Scales

• Temperature average kinetic energy
• Increases temperatures, increases average kinetic
  energy
• K C 273
• C K 273
• Temperature 2 fixed points (water freezing and
  boiling point)
• Water freezes at 0 C or 273 K
• Water boils at 100 C or 373 K

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Measurement of Heat Energy

• q mC?T
• q heat (j)
• m mass of the substance
• C specific heat capacity of substance
• ?T (Tempinital- Temp final)
• This equation is to measure the amount of heat
  given off or absorbed in a reaction
• note use this equation only when theres a
  change of temperature

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Heat of Fusion

• q mHf
• q heat (j)
• m mass of the substance
• Hf heat of fusion (use table B for H2O)
• The amount of heat needed to convert a substance
  from solid to liquid phase.
• Note there is no temperature change during the
  process, no average kinetic energy change, but,
  there is a increase of potential energy

12
Heat of Vaporization

• q mHv
• q heat (j)
• m mass of the substance
• Hv heat of Vaporization (use table B for H2O)
• The amount of heat needed to convert a substance
  from liquid to gaseous phase.
• Note there is no temperature change during the
  process, no average kinetic energy change, but,
  there is a increase of potential energy