4BA6 4D3 Computer Graphics

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4BA6 / 4D3 Computer Graphics
Lecturer Yann Morvan Demonstrator
Bartosz Fabianowski
ymorvan_at_cs.tcd.ie fabianob_at_cs.tcd.ie http//www.cs
.tcd.ie/Yann.Morvan/4ba6 http//www.cs.tcd.ie/Yann
.Morvan/3d4
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Some History
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Spacewars first computer graphics game (MIT 1961)
Whirlwind early graphics using VectorScope (1951)
first CAD system (IBM 1959)
SketchPad first interactive graphics (1961)
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Early texture-mapped image (Catmull 1974)
First bump-mapped images (Blinn 1978)
First ray traced image (Whitted 1980)
First distributed ray traced image (Cook 1984)
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Westworld (1973) First movie to feature computer
graphics. Used in various graphics displays
within the Westworld center.
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Star Wars (1977)
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Tron (1980) First time computer graphics were
used for live action sequences.
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Applications
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The Getaway PS3, SCEE, 2007
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GV2 Lab
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Havok

• founded 1999 by ISG (now GV2) members
• game physics animation middleware

Company of Heroes (THQ)
Saints Row (Midway)
Medal of Honor (EA)
Half Life 2 (Valve)
Halo 2 (Microsoft)
Tech Demo (Havok)
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Many Issues in Computer Graphics

• 2D or 3D
• Photo-realistic or NPR
• Real-time or Offline computation
• Rigid or Deformable
• Interactive or Pre-determined
• Real or Abstract
• Geometric or Image-based
• Hardware or Software

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3 main Tasks

• To generalise, these are
• Modelling creating and representing the geometry
  of objects in the 3D world
• Rendering creating a image in 2D of these
  objects
• Animation describing how objects change in time

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Modelling
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Rendering
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Animation!
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Hardware Issues

• Display Technology
• Interaction Devices
• Specialized graphics hardware

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2D Issues in two dimensions

• Specifying Colour
• Drawing simple 2D primitives
• Filling areas of screen
• Windows, and viewports
• Clipping

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3D Issues in 3 dimensions

• Light sources, shading, shadows
• Reflection, refraction, transparency
• View specification, projection into 2D
• Visibility problem
• Modelling and rendering
• solid objects, surfaces, scenes,
• phenomena (e.g. rain, smoke, fire)
• textures

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Animation Issues

• Image Synthesis of each frame
• Modelling and Specifying Motion
• Interaction
• (e.g. Collision Detection and Response)

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Image Processing

• Image Enhancement
• Image Analysis
• Image Data Compression
• Not part of this course, more Vision

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Related Areas

• Maths and Physics
• Biology, physiology, biomechanics
• Engineering
• Presence/Immersive Virtual Reality (VR)
• Haptics, Audio
• Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Perception

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Course Topics

• Preliminaries
• Graphics display hardware
• Relevant linear algebra
• Core topics
• Modelling
• Rendering
• Animation (Esp. physically-based)
• Hot topics, e.g.
• Hardware architectures
• Real-time global illumination
• Shading languages

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Assessment

• Incremental project (20)
• Exam in June (80)

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Reading material

• Computer graphics principles and practice By
  James D. Foley et al.