Title: Built Environment Sustainability Lecture 14
1Built Environment SustainabilityLecture 14
2Overview
- Forces propelling change
- Introduction to high performance buildings
- The USGBC LEED Building Assessment Standard
- Connection of technology and high performance
green buildings - Key energy technologies
- Building hydrologic cycle systems
- Materials innovations
- Indoor environmental quality strategies
- Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly (DfDD)
- Summary and Conclusions
3General Global Impacts
- Rainforest loss 1 acre/second
- Temperate forest loss 10 million acres/yr
- 50 of all forests have disappeared
- Grain production is falling
- Over 24 billion tons of topsoil are lost annually
- Fisheries are being depleted
- Humankind is transforming the surface of the
Earth, moving 2x as much material as nature - Global warming
- Ozone depletion
4The 6th Major Extinction?
- Fossil record indicates 5 major planetary
extinctions - Ordovician 440 million years ago
- Devonian 365 million years ago
- Permian 245 million years ago
- Triassic 210 million years ago
- Cretaceous 66 million years ago
- Is the 6th major planetary extinction underway?
- And is it human instigated?
5The Oil Production Rollover Point
- Time when the maximum production of oil occurs.
- General forecasts are in next 5-15 years
- Gasoline prices will rise rapidly 10/gallon
- Energy value of oil will be less than extraction
energy - Huge emerging demand from growing economies
China and India
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8The Built Environment
- Comprised of
- Public and commercial buildings
- Houses
- Industrial plants
- Infrastructure (roads, ports, airports)
- Impacts (in U.S.)
- 40 of extracted materials
- 30 of electricity
- 35 of total waste (construction demolition)
9Sustainable Construction
- Creating and maintaining a healthy,
resource-efficient built environment based on
ecological principles (CIB TG16, 1994) - Principles and foundation
- Targets Factor 4 and Factor 10
- Timeline Seven generations or 200 years
- All phases of the built environment
10Systems underpinning sustainable construction
phases
11High Performance Green Buildings
- Implementation of sustainable construction in
buildings - Shift in language High performance vs. green
- Resource efficient water, energy, materials,
land, biota - Factor 10 Reduction 292 kwhr/m2-yr to 29
kwhr/m2-yr - LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) is the U.S. green or high performance
building standard - U.S. Green Building Council is the proponent of
LEED
12International Organizations
- iiSBE International Institute for a Sustainable
Built Environment - CIB Conseil Internaional du Batiment
- Green Building Challenge (GBC)
13National Standards
- UK Building Research Establishment Environmental
Assessment Method (BREEAM) Building Research
Establishment (BRE) - Japan CASBEE
- Australia Green Star Green Building Council of
Australia - U.S. Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) U.S. Green Building Council
(USGBC)
14The U.S. Green Building Council
- A non-profit promoting green building in the U.S.
- Members product manufacturers, academia,
designers, local government, federal government - Creating a suite of LEED standards for new and
existing buildings - http//www.usgbc.org
15The USGBC LEED Suite of Standards
- LEED is a suite of standards
- LEED-NC 2.1 New Construction
- LEED-EB Existing Buildings
- LEED-CI Commercial Interiors
- LEED-CS Core and Shell
- LEED-Residential (under development)
- LEED-NC 2.1 Point System (69 Total Points)
- Certified 26 points
- Silver 33 points
- Gold 39 points
- Platinum 52 points
- Created to assess buildings but actually serves
to guide design and construction
16Growth of Green Building Activity, USGBC
17Rinker Hall as a HPB
- Designed using the LEED Standard, first gold
building in Florida - Will use 1/3 rd the energy of a UF building
designed to code - Extensive daylighting strategy
- Energy shedding building façade wall as shading
device - Automatic lighting controls on/off, throttling
- Stacked air handlers, full 0 to 100 capability
- Waste heat recovery system
- Advanced building automation system
18Rinker Hall (continued)
- Materials
- Brick recycled from Hume Hall (demolished 2001)
- Recycled asphalt paving and lime rock
- Linoleum and recycled content carpet flooring
- Designed for Deconstruction
- Rainwater harvesting, waterless urinals, low flow
fixtures - Capability for deconstruction
19Rinker Hall
20Rainwater Harvesting System
21Skylights and Roof
22Benefits of Green Buildings
- Lower operating costs energy, water, waste
- Health implications
- Workforce productivity
- Marketplace comparability
- Advantageous financing and incentives
- Reductions in emissions
- Reduced liability
- Positive image
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25More on Workforce Benefits
- Cost of building 22/ft2
- Energy costs 2/ft2
- Cost of employees
- 140 to 350/ft2
- 10 productivity boost 14 to 35/ft2 added to
bottom line - Problem very difficult to prove the connection
between health, green buildings, and productivity
26Technology and the HPB
- HPB hold the promise for reduced total building
cost and lowered environmental impacts - Both hard and soft technologies are needed to
execute a HPB - Hard products and materials
- Soft processes, methods, simulations
- Surge of new products to support HPB design and
construction - Movement in this direction is accelerating
27Key Energy Technologies
- Ground coupling
- Heat Pumping
- Energy removal ventilators
- Radiant cooling
- CO2 sensors
- Positive Displacement Ventilation
- Daylight and occupancy sensor integration
- Lights sodium and LED
28Radiant Cooling Thermal Image
29Radiant Cooling - Examples
30Radiant Cooling-Examples
31Energy Recovery Ventilator
32Building Hydrologic Cycle Systems
- Rainwater harvesting
- Ultra low flow fixtures
- Greywater systems
- Waterless systems
- Integration of natural systems for stormwater
uptake and waste processing - Infrared control technologies
33Rainwater Harvesting
- Roof drains
- Rainwater leaders
- Concrete cistern -under exterior stair
- Waterproofing inside out
- Overflow lines to storm system
- Hatch access for cleaning
- Make-up from water line
34Waterless Urinals
35Materials Innovations
- Low emissions materials
- Use of post-industrial waste in materials fly
ash, gypsum - Use of post-agricultural waste straw
- Products from rapidly renewing species bamboo,
aspen - Buildings that can be deconstructed
- Products that can be disassembled, reused, and
recycled - Sustainable Forestry
36Fly Ash Concrete Marina City, Chicago
37Deconstruction and Reuse U. of Florida
- Brick (right)
- Hume Hall demolition
- Cleaned palletized by Students
- Stored for use
- Irrigation PVC for brick weeps
38Rapidly Renewable Material, Certified Wood
-
- Linoleum flooring
- Wood doors from certified sustainable forest
- Agriboard (pressed straw) cabinetry
-
39Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies
- Broad spectrum approach air, odors, noise,
light, temperature, humidity, vibration, views - Low emissions materials
- CO2 sensors
40IEQ Daylighting Strategy
41CO2 Sensor Fresh Air Intake Control
42Construction IAQ
- Eliminate dust, dirt at ductwork
- Store products off floor (drywall, insulation)
- 100 outside air flush prior to occupancy
- No smoking policy during construction
43Construction IAQ
- Return air filter media
- Temporary window protection
- Temporary entrance grates
44Soft Technologies
- Simulation
- Whole Building Energy Simulation DOE 2.1,
Energy-10, Energy Scheming - Solar Simulation DHW, PV, BPV
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
- Daylighting and lighting
- Process
- Design for deconstruction (DfD)
- Construction processes waste, IEQ, erosion
control, site disturbance
45Closing Materials Loops
- Most challenging of all green building issues
- Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly (DfDD)
- Building Deconstruction component reuse
- Product Disassembly materials recovery
- Materials Recyclability
- Coupled with Extended Producer Responsibility
(EPR)? - CIB Task Group 39 (Deconstruction)
- www.cce.ufl.edu
46Source Philip Crowther, TG39 Report,
2000 www.cce.ufl.edu
47Deconstruction
48Hume Hall Brick into Rinker Hall Wall
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51Solenium Carpeting, Interface, Inc.
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56Powell Center Efforts in HPB
- Powell Center for Construction and Environment
started in 1991 - Expertise in HPB, construction and demolition
waste, recycling and reuse of materials - Initiated international movements in sustainable
construction, deconstruction, and construction
ecology - Acted as consultants for HPB projects Summer
House, Disney Wilderness Preserve, military
projects, Abacoa, Alachua County Courthouse - Engage students in deconstruction projects since
1997 - Also started Greening UF and the UF
Sustainability Task Force
57Rethinking Sustainable Construction 2006
- International conference to be held in Sarasota,
11-14 September 2006 - Second International Conference on Sustainable
Construction - Focus is on radical or future green buildings
- http//www.treeo.ufl.edu/rsc06
58Summary and Conclusions
- Green buildings meet the goals of resource
efficiency and protecting the enviornment - Energy savings average 30, translating into
relatively short payback times - Additional savings in water, waste, emissions
- Health and productivity impacts are probably
substantial but there are no rigorous studies - Green buildings provide immediate financial
advantage to their owners - New products and services entering marketplace
- Key element changing the education and training
of future professionals