American Revolution

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American Revolution
Chapter 5
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2nd Continental Congress Divided between
different groups
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Independence group John Adams Richard Henry
Lee Ben Franklin
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Stay with England John Dickenson
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Actions by Congress

• Olive Branch Petition
• Dec. of Cause Necessity of Taking Up Arms

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British Reaction
Prohibitory Act Declares colonies in
revolt blockade declared
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England also wants to Recruit Indians and
Slaves Hire Mercenaries
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Common Sense January 1776 Thomas Paine
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Problem not any particular act, it was the
corrupt system including king System not fit to
rule America
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June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee proposes
independence
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Declaration Committee Adams Franklin Sherman Livin
gston Jefferson
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Declaration of Independence 1st part-philosophy
of rebellion based on Locke 2nd part-crimes of
the king broke Social Contract
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Congress creates Continental Army Commander Geo
rge Washington
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Why Washington? Wealthy planter Military
experience Early advocate of independence From
Virginia
From Virginia!!!
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Why is Washington so important?
keeps army together symbol for the people sets
precedent for military subservience to government
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Problems for Colonies
No industry No ability large scale manufacturing
of guns No ability for heavy arms
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No established army or navy Must build
everything from scratch
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No way to finance war -Congress cant
tax -states dont raise enough only 6 of revenue
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Congress and states both print money causes
inflation some prefer to deal with British
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One method of getting money and supplies? France
and Holland
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Not enough volunteers Not as many join up after
first year
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3 Phases of the War
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New England Phase

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Bunker Hill Brits leave Boston Invasion of
Canada
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Mid Atlantic Phase
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Brooklyn Heights Harlem Heights White
Plains Trenton Princeton
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British Plan for 1777
Gen Howe north from NYC towards Albany Gen
Burgoyne south from Canada
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SARATOGA October 17, 1777
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France Recognizes America
Gives money, guns, navy
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Southern Phase
The search for Loyalists
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Cornwallis goes to Southern Colonies Expects
lots of loyalist to join him
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Loyalist are few Cant trap American troops
under Nathaniel Greene Cornwallis gets
frustrated, can only control areas he occupies
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Washington, Rochambeau, and de Grasse go
south
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YORKTOWN October 17,1781 Cornwallis surrenders
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The World Turned Upside down
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PEACE TREATY
Adams, Franklin and Jay September 3,
1783 independence Canada to Florida
Atlantic to Mississippi
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LOSERS Loyalists Anglican Church Quakers
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WINNERS
Catholics only for a while
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STATE GOVERNEMNTS
Based on colonial experience Written weak/no
Executive many have Bill of Rights
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