Learning

1
Learning Reinforcement

• HRMOB 570

2
Theories of Learning

• Classical conditioning
• Reinforcement Theory
• Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) Theory

3
Reinforcement Theory

• Definition a consequence that increases
  likelihood of response
• positive application of pleasant
• negative removal of aversive
• Types of reinforcers
• Positive
• Aversive

4
Types of Reinforcement

Apply
Withdraw


Reward

Aversive

5
Schedules of Reinforcement

• Continuous
• Intermittent
• Interval
• Fixed
• Variable
• Ratio
• Fixed
• Variable

6
Behavior Modification

• Identify behaviors that are CLEARLY related to
  performance
• Measure natural occurrence of behavior across
  time
• Identify events that precipitate the behavior as
  well as the consequences of the behavior
• Develop an intervention strategy
• Pick reinforcer(s)
• Decide on a schedule of reinforcement
• Implement schedule
• Chart behavior change over time
• Revise strategy if necessary
• Assess behavioral change

7
Maximizing the Effectiveness of Reinforcement

• More likely to work when
• Rewards are valued (give CHOICE!)
• Regular feedback on performance
• Reward closely follows desired behavior
• Person knows what is expected and how they will
  be rewarded
• Rewards are administered fairly and consistently
• Common Problems
• Reinforcement not immediate
• Reinforcement is non-contingent
• Reward is not powerful enough
• Inconsistent distribution

8
Some Guidelines Regarding Punishment

• Hot Stove rule
• Swift
• Relatively intense
• Impersonal
• Focus is on behavior
• Consistent
• Describe alternative acceptable behavior

9
Social Cognitive Theory

• Vicarious learning
• Performance is the result of
• Goals
• self-efficacy
• emotional reactions

10
Learning Styles

• Concrete Experiencing (thinking)
• Reflective Observation (watching)
• Abstract Conceptualizing (thinking)
• Active Experimentation (doing)