Lincoln

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Lincolns Gettysburg Address and Second
Inaugural Address

• Leadership
• Dilemmas and Opportunities
• By Jeff Duffany
• Tyngsborough

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The Civil War by the numbers

• More than 620,000 people died. 2 Percent of the
  population.
• In two days at Shiloh, more Americans fell than
  in all previous wars combined.
• Antietam was the single bloodiest day in American
  history 23,000 casualties on both sides
• At Cold Harbor, 7,000 men fell in twenty minutes.

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The LeaderAbraham Lincoln
Elected in 1860 Republican Vowed to stop the
spread of slavery into the territories. His
election sparked the Souths secession in late
1860 and early 1861. Initially, he would wage the
war to return the South to the Union.
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Dilemmas

• Keep the Union together by bringing the South
  back into the United States.
• Eventually, after enough people had died, ending
  slavery.
• Keeping the country together through this great
  trial. Leading the Union through the war without
  losing the publics trust.

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Lincoln in 1860 and 1865
How did Lincoln age in just 5 years? What do
you notice about these two pictures?
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Opportunity Gettysburg Address

• Gettysburg was fought on July 1, 2, 3 1863.
• General Lee had invaded the North.
• Over three days of battle, nearly 175,000 troops
  engaged in combat.
• Nearly 50,000 casualties on both sides.
• Turning point. Lee would be on the defensive
  from here on out.

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Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Address

• On November 19, 1863 Lincoln was asked to make a
  speech dedicating a cemetery on a portion of the
  battlefield.
• Edward Everett spoke for nearly two hours.
  Lincoln spoke for a little over two minutes.
• 15,000 people attended the dedication.
• Lincolns speech attempted to bring meaning to
  the war and all of the death it had brought.

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Gettysburg Address

• Video link to Jeff Daniels reading the Gettysburg
  Address http//www.youtube.com/watch?vV4bM9geY0d
  o
• Text of the speech
• Primary Source Circles

Lincoln can be seen in the middle of this picture
marked with an arrow
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Primary Sources Circles

• Groups of 5-7
• Each person is assigned a role.
• Team Facilitator manages the group and gives out
  roles.
• Read the document as a group and complete the
  roles.
• When finished, compile the information and be
  ready to present and discuss.
• Primary Source Circles

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Important Points

• The speech can be seen as a halftime speech to
  the nation.
• He is trying to give meaning to the thousands of
  lives lost.
• that we here highly resolve that these dead
  shall not have died in vain - that this nation,
  under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --
  and that government of the people, by the people,
  for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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Important Points cont.

• The men who have given their lives did so, so
  that this nation might live.
• Lincolns tone was one of hope and promise. Not
  one of despair or vengeance.
• He had used the opportunity presented to give
  meaning to the war. All of the sacrifice was for
  a purpose.

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Opportunity Second Inaugural Address

• Lincoln is re-elected in 1864.
• The war is coming to a close.
• Questions to consider
• What would happen to the South and those who had
  fought against the Union?
• What of the institution of slavery?
• Where does the nation go from here?

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Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

• Delivered on March 4, 1865 just a few short
  months before his assassination.
• Denounces slavery as a sin
• Brings further meaning to the cost of war the
  death of slavery and the continuation of the
  Union.

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Primary Sources Circles

• Groups of 5-7
• Each person is assigned a role.
• Team Facilitator manages the group and gives out
  roles.
• Read the document as a group and complete the
  roles.
• When finished, compile the information and be
  ready to present and discuss.
• Primary Source Circles

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Lincoln can be seen in the center of the picture
delivering his Second Inaugural Address
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Key excerpts

• Both parties deprecated war but one of them
  would make war rather than let the nation
  survive and the other would accept war rather
  than let it perish. And the war came.
• Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result
  less fundamental and astounding. Both read the
  same Bible, and pray to the same God and each
  invokes His aid against the other. It may seem
  strange that any men should dare to ask a just
  God's assistance in wringing their bread from the
  sweat of other men's faces but let us judge not
  that we be not judged. The prayers of both could
  not be answered that of neither has been
  answered fully.

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Key Excerpts

• Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all
  the wealth piled by the bond-man's two hundred
  and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk,
  and until every drop of blood drawn with the
  lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the
  sword

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Key Excerpts

• With malice toward none with charity for all
  with firmness in the right, as God gives us to
  see the right, let us strive on to finish the
  work we are in to bind up the nation's wounds
  to care for him who shall have borne the battle,
  and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all
  which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting
  peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.

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Second Inaugural Address

• Lincoln uses biblical terms such as God, Divine,
  Bible, Prayers.
• He is comforting the nation.
• Lincoln is trying to make the wounds of war heal
  with his words
• With Malice Toward None The South would be
  forgiven.
• Slavery is done.

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Lincoln as a Leader

• Kept the nation from falling apart.
• Lincoln took the nations pain and losses upon
  himself. (Remember the earlier picture.)
• He gave meaning to what had happened in the war.
• His ultimate sacrifice was his own life.

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Dilemmas and Opportunities

• Dilemmas
• Nation is at war, torn apart.
• Slavery must be dealt with.
• Leading the nation through this monumental war.

• Opportunities
• Gettysburg Address Make some sense of the death.
  Halftime speech.
• Second Inaugural War is nearly over. The South
  must be brought back into the Union and slavery
  ended for good.