Experiences and Challenges of

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• Experiences and Challenges of
• Engaging Different Communities in Penang
• through Cultural Mapping

24 November 2009 by Chen Yoke Pin,
ARTS-ED Muhammad Hijas Saari, Universiti Sains
Malaysia
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Case Study 1 Mapping a Rural Site in Balik Pulau


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Cultural Mapping
Identify and record traditional resources which
have cultural value specific to the locality.
Cultural mapping is a crucial tool and
technique in recording intangible and tangible
cultural assets
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Mapping Tools Techniques
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Mapping Interpretation
Researcher, facilitator, Local community
For the Public Local community, Stakeholders
(government, visitors, in meaningful enjoyable
ways.
Interpretation
mapping
communicate significance value of site
- Selecting data to collect - Creating a database
and coding system

• by connecting the various data collected in a
  local area
• study how people, activities and built/natural
  environment are connected through time, space,
  social and economic interaction.
• Linking the data with a map

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Case Study 1Mapping a Rural Site - Balik
Pulau with the CHILDREN community
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Mapping and Interpretation
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(No Transcript)
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Who Maps?- Children from the community (aged
10-16)
Why Mapping ? - Map tangible/intangible cultural
assets and resources - Map the knowledge of
local systems - To communicate to stakeholders
(including community) a holistic picture and
database of community assets for sustainable
cultural development
Maps for who ? - Community and Stakeholders
Mapping what ? Cultural Assets - Food,
significant building, economic activities,
lifestyle, natural assets, cultural activities,

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Documentation Tool IT Workshop
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Documentation Tool Visuals Photography Workshop
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Documentation Tool Mind Maps
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Documentation Tool Research and Interview
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Documentation Tool Research and Interview
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Documentation Tool Building Inventory

• Identify the different period of heritage
  building, architecture value and activities
• of buildings

Town House
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Interpretation Tool Photographic Lantern
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Interpretation Tool Photographic Essay
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Photo Essay
2nd Interpretation
Interpretation Tool Photographic Essay
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Interpretation Tool Family Tree
Example of Participant Family Tree
CINNAMA Penjaja 111 tahun
TANGGAVELU Kerani ladang getah
KANNAMA (emak nenek saya)
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NALINII 12 tahun
PAVEETHRA 6 tahun
THINESWARAN 9 tahun
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Interpretation Tool Compilation Essay
Example of Participant Family History

• Nenek, Datuk dan Emak
• Jodoh nenek dan datuk dicadangkan oleh orang
  luar. Nenek dilahirkan pada tahun 1944. Semasa
  emak saya berumur 4 tahun, datuk dan nenek
  bergaduh. Kemudian, datuk memgambil Mak Long
  saya, Santhakumari yang berumur 5 tahun pada masa
  itu dan meninggalkan rumah. Nenek saya pula
  mengambil emak saya. Selepas itu, nenek dan emak
  saya mengalami kesusahan. Nenek saya bekerja
  sebagai seorang penoreh getah. Pada masa itu,
  nenek saya tidak mampu membeli sebuah basikal
  untuk emak saya. Oleh itu, emak saya terpaksa
  berjalan jauh untuk ke sekolah. Sekali sekala,
  Cinnama akan datang dan memberi makanan kepada
  nenek dan emak saya. Semasa emak saya berumur 15
  tahun, Cinnama mencadangkan agar emak saya
  dihantar ke rumah nenek Dhanam untuk tinggal
  dengan mereka. Di sana, emak saya mendapat kerja
  di reban ayam bersama dengan mak cik Rajeswari.
  Mereka perlu menyodok tahi ayam setiap hari.
  Selepas itu, mereka bekerja di Kilang. Kilang itu
  bernama Franklin Froslin di Kulim. Emak saya
  tinggal dengan keluarga nenek Dhanam di Sungai
  Kecil, Nibong Tebal. Dia telah menjadi anak
  angkat kepada nenek Dhanam.

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Interpretation Tool Compilation Flowchart
SUNGAI SAWAH Di kampung Titi Teras
terdapat sebatang sungai. Sungai ini merupakan
sebuah tempat yang tenang dan tempat yang sering
dikunjungi orang untuk menangkap ikan. Antara
jenis ikan yang terdapat di sungai ini ialah ikan
sepat, keli, haruan dan lain-lain lagi. Air dari
sungai ini asalnya dari sebuah bukit yang
berdekatan. Ia adalah sungai semulajadi.
Sungai ini mengalirkan air ke sawah melalui
tali air. Tali air ini sentiasa dibuka. Ia hanya
akan ditutup jika tali air sedang dicuci. Air
dari sungai mengalir ke dalam sawah melalui
lubang. Sawah padi ini mempunyai ramai
pemilik. Seorang pemilik tanah mempunyai 1 ¼ ekar
tanah hingga 10 ekar tanah. Sawah mereka
diusahakan sendiri dan ada juga pemilik yang
mengupah orang luar untuk mengusahakan sawah
mereka. Seorang pekerja dapat menyiapkan
kira-kira 9 ekar tanah sehari. Mereka memulakan
kerja pada jam 7 atau 8 pagi. Untuk menyiapkan
proses penanaman padi sebelum di jual mengambil
masa kira-kira 4 bulan. Proses penanaman
dijalankan pada dua musim kerana padi hanya subur
pada waktu itu. Pesawah menggunakan baja jenis
219 atau 220. Mereka menggunakan dua jenis mesin
untuk proses ini, antaranya kavoter dan traktor
untuk membajak tanah. Proses-proses yang
terlibat adalah seperti berikut
Hasil padi akan dijual kepada sebuah kilang yang
bernama Gok Peng yang terletak di Seberang
Prai.Sembur racun serangga selepas 2 bulan Sembur
racun serangga selepas 2 minggu Kumpulan
penyelidik Aliah Afifah, Nur Fartini, Siti
Maryam, Nur Ain Kumpulan fotografi Boey Kuan,
Jian Hooi
Tanah dibajak
Benih dicuci
Benih direndam
Tunggu sehingga benih tumbuh
Serakkan benih
Sembur racun rumput selepas 2 minggu
Taburkanbaja
Sembur racun serangga selepas 2 minggu
Sembur racun serangga selepas 2 bulan
Tunggu sehingga padi masak
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Interpretation Tool Visual Hand-drawn Map
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Interpretation Tool Visual Hand-drawn Map
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Output/Interpretation Exhibition
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Output/Interpretation Exhibition at the site
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Output/Interpretation Tourist Map
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Output/ Interpretation - Heritage Newspaper
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Output/ Interpretation - Site Signage
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Community-based Arts Heritage Education
Program by
Supported by
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Case Study 2
Mapping A Wet Market,George Town, Penang
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Mapping A Wet Market, George Town, Penang
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Culture

• Culture is the interaction of a community with
  its environment

Is it possible to map this interaction?
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Baseline Studies

• Identifying -
• Physical landscape
• Land and building use
• Cultural landscape
• Social networks
• Human resources
• Personal and collective artefacts
• Lifestyle

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The Market Site
The Site Campbell Street Market and a joining
Carnarvon Street The site is along Carnarvon
Street that stretch between Claimant Place and
Chulia Street
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Why we wanted to map this site?
Objective To look at sustainable tourism
development

• What to map?
• 1. To trace the historical evolution of the
  communitys interaction with the environment
• 2. To document how community interacts
  with the environment today use of physical
  landscape, buildings, materials
• 3. To look at human interaction and
  networking economic and business activity
  cultural lifestyle

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What we wanted to map in this site ?
1. Historical evolution of the communitys
interaction with the environment
Tools used to research historical evolution

• Desk research
• Internet information
• Timeline

History provided better understanding of the
cultural evolution of the site
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Historical Evolution Timeline
Market build around 1900s
Francis Light rented Penang
Early settlement
Source Malaya-Lifestyles 1900-1930
Source Malaya-Lifestyles1900-1930
Source Malaysia A Pictorial History 1400-2004
Late History
Current Situation
Early History
British granted Indian Muslim a cemetery land
Malays referred to market site as FOREST OF
CORPSES
Current market building
Penang Municipal Council acquired the land to
build market
Keramat Mustafa Wali (patron saint of pulterers)
tomb has been left during the removed of the
cemetery to Jalan Perak
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What we wanted to map in this site?

• 2. Community interaction with the
• physical environment

Tools used to document market site

• Desk research
• Internet information
• Inventory form
• Photo essay

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Market Site Plan
CAMPBELL STREET MARKET
STREET STALLS
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Shophouse typology
There were 3 shophouses style in the site area
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Plan of the market Core market building
Chicken and Duck
Coconut
Pork
Vegetables and Spices
Fish, Crab, Prawn and Squid
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Core market building
Legend
Seafood
Vegetables Spices
Utilities
Site Area
Chicken Duck
Pork

Coconut
Shrine
Market Site
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Building Inventory Form
Inventories Shophouse inventory, building
condition, building use and streetscape
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Tools for human interaction with environment
What we wanted to map in this site?

• 3. Human interaction with environment

• Desk research
• Drawing plan for stalls and buildings
• Photo essay

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Photo Essay Cultural landscape
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CHULIA STREET
Street Stalls
Pancake
Char Koay Teow, Cintra Street
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Western food, curry noodle sweets, Jelutong
Fried noodle
Pawn Shop
Coffee Shop
Wan tan noodle, P. Ramlee Road

Coffee Shop
Koay teow thng, Chulia street
Chooi Tee Hardware (hardware)
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Newspaper magazine, Aik Hoe
King Cheong (wine)
1a
Coffee shop, Carnavon Street
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Thim Den-Tech (dental laboratory)
1b
Fruits flowers, Tingkat Paya Terubong
CHEAPSIDE
1c
Wine
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San He Restaurant
Vegetables, Paya Terubong
Haberdashery, Sungai Pinang
1d
Kee Seng fruits vegetables (store )
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Aik Hoe (dim sum), Ayer Itam
1e
Lucy Perm Parlor (saloon )
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Aik Hoe (dim sum), Ayer Itam
1f
Store for 1a
8A
1g
Hung Thye
Thean Hiang Lan (prayer items)
1h
8B
Newspaper, bread kuih Chinese new year, Ayer
Itam
Kilang Besi On Fatt (Iron product)
Yip Plumbing
Vegetables, Lip Sin
1i
8C
Unoccupied
Unoccupied
1j
Dry material, sundry stall, McNair Street
Dry food, Jelutong
Swan Xin Trading (grocery)
1k
Chicken, Burmah Road
Teik Seng (store)
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Teik Seng, Carnavon Street
Fruits, Carnarvon Street
Teik Seng (store)
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Chili paste, Batu Maung Road
Lean Hoe (medicine shop)
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Unoccupied
Fish, Seck Chuan Lane
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Beng Guan (grocery)
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Nam Khung Trading (wine), Green Lane
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Lai Khean (fruits supply)
C A R N A R V O N S T R E E T
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Cloth lingerie
Unoccupied
Lain Khean (fruits supply)
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Unoccupied
Chicken, Mayang Pasir Lane
Sin Hock Leong (Grocery)
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Tau kua, Padang Tembak
Unoccupied
Cushion storage
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Sua Teng vegetables
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Yong Chang (roasted pork)
Economy food, Tingkat Paya Terubong
Biscuits bread, Chulia Street
Unoccupied
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Store for 17
Fish balls, Padang Tembak
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Unoccupied
Wes Islander Garments (clothing)
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Bread kuih
kuih bakul, salt fish, cockle
Honey distributor
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Herbs nuts
Kuih bakul
Antique seller
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Unoccupied
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Vegetables
Vegetables, Lintang MacCallum
Blind massage
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Suci Enterprise (antique seller)
Chicken
Chicken, Balik Pulau
2
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Kenangan Silam Enterprise (antique seller)
Fruits, Changkat Delima 1
Prawn, Lebuh Pantai
CAMPBELL STREET
Kenangan Silam Enterprise (antique seller)
Roti canai, Flat Kg. Melayu
Loh noodle, Gat Street
BUCKINGHAM STREET
Main Entrance
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CORE MARKET BUILDING
Under Renovation
Nasi lemak, Reclamation Area
Char Bee Hoon, Tingkat Thean Teik
Fruits, Love Lane
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Char Bee Hoon, Jalan Hussein, Butterworth
Fruits, Love Lane
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Curry noodle, P. Ramlee Road
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Food, Carnarvon Street
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Coffee, Market Lane
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Lum Noodle, Lintang Gangsa
Soy bean, Acheen Street Ghaut
Coffee stall, Jalan Free School
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Fruits, Seri Teh Ewe Lim
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Vegetables, Bukit Dumbar Road
KAMPUNG KAKA
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Vegetables, Happy Valley Road, Ayer Itam
CLAIMANT PLACE
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Community Activity Hungry Ghost Festival
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Findings

• Mapping showed evolution and change and
  resistance to planning
• To see on a cultural way of wet market function
• Many stall inside market empty/vacant
• Market spilt over to the street
• Stall on street not arrange properly/no license
• Idea to put stall inside market not successful
• Community activity is part of the market
• Should we leave this thing happen and just let it
  growth by itself?