Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of AcidsBases p' 466477

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MODERN CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 14ACIDS AND BASES
Sections 1 -3 Properties of Acids Bases
Acid-Base TheoriesAcid-Base Reactions
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Section 14.1
Properties of Acids Bases
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Properties of Acids
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Properties of Acids

• Sour taste
• Change the color of acid-base indicators
• React with metals to release hydrogen gas
• React with bases to produce salt and water
• Conduct electric current

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Household Acids
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Acid Nomenclature

• Binary acid contains two elements
• H a higher electronegative element
• Table on page 468
• Begin the name with Hydrothen the name of the
  second elementthen -ic suffix

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Acid Nomenclature

• Oxyacid contains hydrogen, oxygen and a third
  element, usually a nonmetal
• Table on page 469
• Name is based on the polyatomic ion
• -ic more oxygen (-ate)
• -ous less oxygen (-ite)

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Acid Nomenclature
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Common Acids

• Properties of Common Acids on page 470-471
• H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
• HNO3 Nitric Acid
• H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid
• HCl Hydrochloric Acid
• HC2H3O2 Acetic Acid

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Voice-Activated Reaction
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Hydrangea andAcid-Base Indicators
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Household Acids Bases
Quick Lab on Page 472
McMurry Fay Disc 2
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Properties of Bases

• Bitter taste
• Change the color of acid-base indicators
• Feels slippery
• React with acids to produce salt and water
• Conducts electricity

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Household Bases
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Arrhenius Acid Bases

• Arrhenius Acid - A chemical compound that
  increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H,
  in aqueous solutions
• HCl (g) H2O (l) ? H3O (aq) Cl- (aq)
• H is equivalent to H3O
• Aqueous acids and bases are electrolytes.

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Proton, Hydrogen ion, Hydronium
Hydrogen ion H H a proton H (or a
proton), attached to a water molecule H3O

-

means the atom has lost one electron
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Arrhenius Acid Bases

• Arrhenius Bases - A substance that increases the
  concentration of hydroxide, OH- in aqueous
  solutions
• NaOH (s) ? Na (aq) OH- (aq)
• NH3 (aq) H2O (l) ? NH4 (aq) OH-(aq)
• Aqueous acids and bases are electrolytes.

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Strong Acids

• An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous
  solution.
• STRONG ACID LIST
• HCl hydrochloric acid
• HI hydroiodic acid
• HBr hydrobromic acid
• H2SO4 sulfuric acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• HClO3 chloric acid
• HClO4 perchloric acid

MEMORIZE!
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Weak Acids

• An acid that releases few hydrogen ions in
  aqueous solution. - Dissociates slightly
• An reversible reaction in equilibrium
• Organic Acids
• Carboxyl Group - COOH

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Weak Acids
Acid Ionization Constant Ka
CH3COOH(aq) H2O(l) ? CH3COO-(aq) H3O(aq)
CH3COO- H3O
Ka Keq
CH3COOH
MORE dissociated ? MORE products ? HIGHER Ka ?
STRONGER acid
LESS dissociated ? FEWER products ? LOWER Ka ?
WEAKER acid
Chapter 18 Section 3 Eq. of Acids, Bases Salts
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Strong and Weak Bases

• Strong Bases bases that dissociate completely
  strong electrolytes
• Formed from Group I II metals
• Weak Bases bases that dissociate slightly
  weak electrolytes
• Example Ammonia, NH3
• NH3 H2O ? NH4 OH-

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Strong Acids Bases
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Ch 14 Sec 1 Homework
Page 476 1-5
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