Intro' To Minerals

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Intro. To Minerals
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Minerals

• Naturally occurring
• Inorganic
• Solid
• Definite structure
• Definite chemical composition

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Elements or Compounds

• A mineral may be composed of elements or
  compounds.
• If it is composed of single elements these are
  called native elements or native minerals.
• Examples gold, silver, copper, sulfur, and
  diamond

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Ions

• When an atom has an electrical charge either or
  it is an ion.
• Opposites attract and form ionic bonds or ionic
  compounds. Example halite
• Metals lose electrons to be positive ions and
  non-metals gain electron to become negative ions.

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Halite Crystal
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Covalent Bonds

• In attachments where different elements share
  electrons.
• Common between non-metals as well as metals.
• Many minerals contain covalent bonds.

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Methods of Formation

• Crystals may form from magma.

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• Crystals may form out of solution.
• When a solution becomes supersaturated, crystals
  will precipitate out of the solution.

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• Minerals may also be changed into other minerals
  by heat, pressure or the chemical action of
  water.

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Crystals

• Are solids that have atoms arranged in repeating
  patterns.
• If there is no definite pattern (opals) then they
  are mineraloids.
• The formation and size of crystals depend on the
  environment they formed in.

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Silicates

• Silicon makes up over 27 of the Earths crust.
  Oxygen nearly 50
• Most rock forming minerals are known as
  silicates.
• Other minerals include
• Carbonates Oxides Sulfides Halides
  Hydroxides Phosphates

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