Engineers and Imaging

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Engineers and Imaging

• Neal Patwari
• Sensing and Processing Across Networks (SPAN) Lab
• Dept of Electrical Computer Engineering
• http//span.ece.utah.edu/

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What do Engineers do?

• Engineers are inventors
• Engineers design things that make people's lives
  better by
• Making them safer
• Making them healthier
• Helping them communicate easier
• Improving our impact on the environment

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Example Medical Imaging

• Engineers help doctors see inside of our bodies
• What they learn can help cure disease

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What is an image?

• An image is a grid of boxes, each has a color

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What is an image?

• An image is a grid of boxes, each has a number

(color by number!)?
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(No Transcript)
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Wait How do you image the inside?

• You can't just take a camera and take a picture!
• Activity Draw the inside of this apple

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How did you know what was inside?

• Maybe you've cut one open before
• Or you've seen it while eating an apple

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Okay, now a person

• So if a doctor needs to see inside a person, we
  just cut them open. Any volunteers?
• Just kidding! That wouldn't help anyone get
  better.

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So how do you image the inside of a person?

• Tomography Seeing inside
• Tomos means slice
• Slices are done using waves
• What are waves? What are examples of waves?
• These waves do addition on their way through
  something, and give us the sum.

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Outcome of this activity

• Today, you will learn how engineers use
  tomography
• To look inside of people
• To look inside of buildings

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Let's Learn to do Tomography
This image has 260,000 boxes Let's start with
something easier
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Example Image

• Here's something smaller. What does it look like?

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Example Image

• The image is really numbers higher is darker

1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
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Example Image

• Let's give ourselves some room to work.

1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
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What does tomography do?

• Tomography calculates the row sums

Row Sum
1
2
1
4
Row
2
2
2
1
2
1
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What does tomography do?

• Tomography calculates the row sums

1
2
1
4
2
2
2
6
Row
Row Sum
1
2
1
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What does tomography do?

• Tomography calculates the row sums

1
2
1
4
2
2
2
6
1
2
1
4
Row Sum
Row
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What does tomography do?
Column
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
6
1
2
1
4
Column Sum
4
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What does tomography do?
Column
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
6
1
2
1
4
Column Sum
4
6
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What does tomography do?
Column
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
6
1
2
1
4
Column Sum
4
6
4
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Here's what you have measured
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Can you fill in what the image was? Only use
1s and 2s!
6
4
4
6
4
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Here's what you have measured
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The middle row adds to 6. Only three twos can
make the sum 6.
2
2
2
6
4
4
6
4
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Here's what you have measured
2
4
The middle column adds to 6. Only three twos can
make the sum 6.
2
2
2
6
2
4
4
6
4
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Here's what you have measured
1
2
1
4
The rest must be ones to make the other sums each
4.
2
2
2
6
1
2
1
4
4
6
4
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Now you do it!

• Activity Complete the Magical Squares activity
  sheet(s)?
• You are given the row sums and column sums
• You will determine what numbers go in the image
  from those given to make the sums true.

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Summary

• Engineers design computers that automatically
  compute the image from the sums
• You can do tomographic imaging yourself!

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Radio Tomography

• Radio waves can be used for tomography
• They can image where people are moving inside of
  a building, without needing to go into the
  building
• Why would a firefighter need this?

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Activity See Radio Tomography

• View indoor radio tomography video
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfzAzbmgL-d0
• View through-building radio tomography video
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vifQkbMJ_sXM