Computer Architecture ??????? ????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

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Computer Organization Architecture

• Computer Architecture ??????? ????????????? ?
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

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Computer Organization Architecture

• Computer Organization ??????? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????? ? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????

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???????????????????? (??????????????????????)

• ?????????????????????? (Analog Compute)
• ????????????????????? (Digital Compute)
• ????????????????? (Hybrid Compute)

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???????????????????? (????????????????????????????
)

• ??????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  (Inflexible)
• ??????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????

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???????????????????? (????????????????????????)

• ??????????????????? (Super Computer)
• ??????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????? (Mainframe Computer)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????

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???????????????????? (????????????????????????)

• ??????????????? (Mini Computer)
• ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????
• ???????????????? (Micro Computer)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ?????????? PC
  ???????????????????????????????? NoteBook ????
  Powerbook

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???????????????????? (????????????????????????)
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???????????????????? (????????????????????????)

• PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
• ???????????????????????

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????????????????????????

• ????????? (Hardware) ??????? ?????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

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????????????????????????
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic and Logical Unit ALU
Input Unit
Output Unit
??????????????? Main Memory Unit
???????????????? (Secondary Storage Unit)
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????????????????????????

• ?????????????? (Input Unit) ???????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ? ???? ?????????
  ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????

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????????????????????????
?????????????
joystick
?????
????????????
?????????
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????????????????????????

• ????????????????? (Central Processing Unit
  CPU) ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????? ALU ,
  Control Unit , Register

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????????????????????????

• ??????????? (Memory) ????????????????????????????
  ? ?????????? ?????? 2 ????
• ???????????????
• ROM (Read Only Memory) ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• RAM (Random Access Memory) ???????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????? (Secondary Storage Unit)

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????????????????????????

• ??????????? (Output) ????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????
  ???????????????????? ???? ????????????
  ????????? ???????

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????????????????????????
17
????????????????????????
18
????????????????????????
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????????????????????????

• ????????? (Software) ??? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????

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????????????????????????

• System Software
• The category of software is concerned with making
  a computer work and understand the user given
  data and instructions to process the data to
  produce the needed information is system
  software. ???? Operating System , Translator
  Program , Utility Program

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????????????????????????

• Package
• ??????????? COTS (Commercial Of The Shelf)
  ???????? ???? ?????????? Microsoft Office

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????????????????????????

• Application Software
• The software, which has been developed for a
  specific application, is categorized as an
  application software.

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????????????????????????

• ??????? (Peopleware) ??????? ?????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

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????????????????????????

• System Analysis and Design
• Programmer
• DBA (Database Administrstor)
• Operator
• User
• Manager

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????????????????????????

• ?????? (Data)
• ?????????????? (Procedure)

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???????? von Neumann

• The von Neumann model consists of five major
  components(1) input unit (2) output unit (3)
  arithmetic logic unit (4) memory
• unit (5) control unit.

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???????? von Neumann
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???????? von Neumann

• Stored Program concept
• Main memory storing programs and data
• ALU operating on binary data
• Control unit interpreting instructions from
  memory and executing
• Input and output equipment operated by control
  unit

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???????? von Neumann
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The Motherboard
The five von Neumann components are visible in
this example motherboard, in the context of the
system bus model.
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The Motherboard
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??????????????????????????????
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Level of Machines
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Various Peripherals Of a Computer
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