Forschungsraum

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Forschungsraum

• Worldwide growth in article output between 1988
  and 2003 was strongest in the European Union
  (EU)-15, Japan, and the East Asia-4 (China,
  Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan).
• The EU-15 share of world output surpassed that of
  the United States in 1998, although growth in the
  EU-15 and also in Japan slowed starting in the
  mid-1990s.
• The article output of the East Asia-4 grew more
  than sevenfold during this period, resulting in
  its share of world output rising from less than
  2 to 8.
• The number of U.S. scientific publications
  remained essentially flat between 1992 and 2003,
  causing the U.S. share of world article output to
  decline from 38 to 30 between 1988 and 2003.
• The flattening of U.S. output199,864 articles in
  1992, 211,233 articles in 2003in the face of
  continuing growth of research inputs represents a
  trend change from several decades' growth in
  number of U.S. publications.
• The share of publications with authors from
  multiple countriesan indicator of international
  collaboration and the globalization of
  sciencegrew worldwide and for most countries
  between 1988 and 2003.
• In 2003, 20 of all articles had at least one
  foreign author, up from 8 in 1988.
• The increase in international collaboration
  reflects intensified collaboration among the
  United States, EU-15, and Japan. It also reflects
  greater collaboration between these SE
  publishing regions and developing countries and
  an emerging zone of intraregional collaboration
  centered in East Asia.
• The share of internationally coauthored articles
  at least doubled in the United States, the EU-15,
  and Japan.

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Investing in RD Europe Lags behind US and
Japan
Total RD expenditure (as of GDP), 2003
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Investing in RDChina is Rising
RD Intensity (RD as of GDP)Annual Growth
2000-2003

• China RD yearly growth 18.6
• Ahead of Europe by 2010 ?

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EU Publications/ Citations compared to US
Source Nature, July 2004
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3. Research Training as the new Focus of European
HE Reform Movement

• Research Training mostly oriented toward academic
  careers
• Little mobility between public and private
  research sectors
• Fragmented research markets, still dominated by
  national conditions
• Negative perceptions of career prospects
• Graduate training with little structure (lack of
  overarching offer, lack of interdisciplinary or
  social integration, insufficient networking or
  mentoring)
• Insufficient attention to diversification
  research careers, incl. insufficient skills
  training

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Attracting Researchers Many
Graduates Few Researchers

• Mediocre career prospects
• Segmented labour markets

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UNESCO Science Report 2005
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88 out of the 200 top Univ. are European
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Flow of ideas
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Asia remains the largest sending region,
accounting for 58 of total U.S. international
enrollments.
International Institute of Education, Open Doors
2006, Fast Facts
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Global Competition
But U.S. Market Share of International Students
among leading host countries is declining
U.S. Remains Dominant Host Country for
International Students 2003/04 Data from Leading
5 Host Countries

• Among 3 leading Anglophone host countries, the
  drop in market share is even more pronounced
  (down from 65 in 1997/98 to 56 in 2003/04).
  Intl enrollments in the U.S. remain double that
  of any other host country.

• U.S. market share dropped from 47 in 1997/98
  to 41 in 2003/04.

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565,039 international students attended U.S.
higher education institutions in 2004/05 a
decline of 1.3, but a smaller rate of decline
from the previous year.
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Students from Europe Represent only 13 of all
intl students enrolled in U.S. Higher Education

• Leading five places of origin 47 of all
  international students
• Four of the leading five Asia
• Countries in Europe
• 4 of Leading 20

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More Facts About European Students in the U.S.

• Germany sends more students to the U.S. to study
  than any other European country (8,640 Germans
  studied in the U.S. in 2004/05).
• The UK sends the second highest number of
  students (8,236), followed by France (6,555),
  Russia (5,073), Bulgaria (3,644), Spain (3,512),
  Romania (3,217), Italy (3,261), Sweden (3,106)
  and Poland (2,861).
• 45 of all Europeans studying in the U.S. are
  studying at the undergraduate level, while 44
  are at the graduate level and 11 are studying in
  other types of programs (such as non-degree
  programs, intensive English programs, or
  practical training).
• The most popular U.S. colleges and universities
  for European students are Columbia University,
  New York University, Harvard University,
  University of California - Los Angeles,
  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston
  University, University of Pennsylvania,
  University of Chicago, University of Southern
  California, and University of California
  Berkeley.
• The largest proportion of European students study
  in the New York City metropolitan area followed
  by Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington,
  D.C.

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Attracting ResearchersOne-way tickets to America
Foreign Recipients of US Science Engineering
Doctorates with firm plans to stay ()

• More than wages Opportunities

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Europe remains the leading host region for U.S.
students studying abroad 61 of all U.S. study
abroad students go to Europe
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US Students studying abroad
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Are Higher Education Institutions targeting
Europe or other world regions?
Source Trends 3 Survey
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Which regions do European Hiher Education
Institutions target when increasing their
attractiveness?
Source Trends 3 survey, Sybille Reichert and
Christian Tauch Question asked In which
geographical areas would your institution most
like to enhance its international
competitiveness? several answers possible
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Mobility Imbalances of Flows
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