My Technological Clock

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My Technological Clock
Source Kanazawa, Satoshi. 'Scientific
Discoveries as Cultural Displays A Further Test
of Miller's Courtship Model.' Evolution and Human
Behavior 21, no. 5 (2000), pp. 317-321.
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Source the speaker himself, Feb 13th, 2007.
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The Economic Impact of Piracy

• 10 of all medication counterfeit
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Avastin. Erbitux. Gleevec. Herceptin. Rituxan.
  Tarceva. 100K/year
• 36 of all software pirated, 29B in 2003
• Business Software Alliance
• 33 of all music sold, 50 of all motion picture
  videos, 1996 (the good old times no file
  sharing)
• 5-8 of world trade
• 10 aircraft spare parts
• Western Europe piracy rate 34 in 1999
• Clothing, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, etc.
• (Good/bad news money is elsewhere) 380 billion
  in U.S. currency circulated abroad in 1994,
  208.7 million counterfeit
• Check fraud in the US 14B
• Off-line credit card fraud bank takes the loss,
  On-line credit card fraud merchant takes the
  loss
• Piracy can be a killer low-margin, low
  manufacturing but high operational (marketing,
  research, development) costs
• Some data about losses arguable
• One really seeking for a Gucci purse, buys it at
  a Gucci store

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• Example of Viral Marketing via piracy LOUIS
  VUITTON
• 1 authentic
• 18 of all seized counterfeits in EU

• Piracy
• Both sides know product is not genuine
• Counterfeiting
• Seller tricks buyer into believing product is
  genuine

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RF-DNA

• Darko KirovskiMICROSOFT RESEARCH

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Experimental DesignCircular Loop
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Simulations
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Miniaturized Antenna Structure

• Design Frequency 5.25 GHz
• Patch Size 3.5 x 2.75 mm
• RF35 ?r3.5, tand0.0018
• 2 layers, 787 µm/layer
• Larger design, higher efficiency

• Design Frequency 5.32 GHz
• Patch Size 2.77 x 2.75 mm
• RF60 ?r6.15, tand0.0028,
• 2 layers, 787 µm/layer
• Smaller design, lower efficiency

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Prototype RF-DNA Instances
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Prototype RF-DNA Reader
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The Idea
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Desiderata for Anti-Counterfeiting Technologies
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Definition of COA

• Bauder and Simmons Sandia Labs
• Desiderata for COA Technologies
• R1 Inexpensive to manufacture
• RF-DNA lt US0.01 cost of storage (e.g., RFID)
• R2 Expensive to create a near-exact replica
• RF-DNA requires true 3D manufacturing
• Cost of R2 (Adversarial) margin protection
  limit
• R3 Inexpensive to sign/verify
• RF-DNA reader projected cost US100
• R4 Robust
• RF-DNA robust to humidity, temperature,
  wear-and-tear
• Proximity of other objects with strong RF effect

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Definition of COA

• Desiderata for COA Technologies
• R5
• Inverse design over Maxwell equations
• Ill-posed problem
• Tikhonov regularization
• Even the forward design is difficult
• Linear system
• Could be non-linear with magnetic materials
• Hysteresis too slow
• Ultimate anti-skimming tool

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Definition of COA

• Desiderata for COA Technologies
• R6 repetitiveness
• R7 non-collision

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Definition of COA

• Desiderata for COA Technologies
• R8 fingerprint interdependence
• Sample-by-sample attack
• If adjusting a sample is easy ? linear complexity
• R9 simple total one-way destruction

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Definition of COA

• Desiderata for COA Technologies
• R10 visual inspection of the verification path
• RF-DNA - contactless verification
• Robust to
• jamming
• signal overpowering

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Challenge/Response Systems

• Prime candidate
• Variability in semiconductor manufacturing
• Need to be on-line
• Storage vs. lifetime
• Attack model not clear
• reverse engineering
• probing
• debugging for asynchronous circuits
• obfuscation
• Large set of attacks unexplored
• Need to be on-line
• Large random number Product ID
• Follow IDs through supply chains
• but nearly same effect as with breakable
  C/R systems

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Applications

• No association with object
• Anti-skimming
• Credit cards
• Documents of value
• Money, checks, coupons
• Travel documents passports, national IDs, visas
• Dont talk to readers unless they prove they read
  your fingerprint
• Association with object
• Tags, certificates of authenticity, K-th owner
• Software, hardware, consumer electronics
• Fashion, jewelry, perfume industry
• Parts cars, aircrafts, boats
• Seal
• Tamper-evident hardware
• Mail
• Pharmaceuticals

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Summary

• Bauder and Simmons, Sandia
• RF-DNA
• R1-10 ?
• Size inch-by-inch by 1-2mm
• Materials science
• Manufacturing optimization
• Robustness to nearby RF actors
• Packaging solutions for seals
• Fingerprint compression