American Revolution

1
American Revolution

• Events that led to Revolution and Key Battles

2
What led to the Declaration Of Independence and
Revolutionary War?

• French and Indian War
• Proclamation of 1763
• British Laws Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act,
  etc....
• Protests Patrick Henrys speech, Boston
  Massacre, Franklins visit to London, Sons and
  Daughters of Liberty, and Boston Tea Party

3
French and Indian War

• Britain helped colonists defeat the French in the
  war.
• Britain needed money to pay for war
  expenses/debt.
• Taxed colonists, restricted settlements and
  limited self-government.

4
Proclamation of 1763

• The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement
  west of the Appalachians Mountains

5
BRITISH LAWS
Quartering Act, 1765
Sugar Act, 1764
Currency Act, 1764
Stamp Act, 1765
Tea Act, 1773

Townshend Acts, 1767
Intolerable Acts, 1774
6
COLONIAL PROTESTS

• Patrick Henrys Speech

Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Give me liberty or give me death.
Ben Franklins visit to London
Daughters of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
No Taxation Without Representation!
7
Taxation without representation

• Colonies were taxed without any say in Government
  decisions.
• The British placed taxes on common items such as
  newspapers, wills, playing cards, tea, paper and
  glass items.

8
Boston Massacre

• The colonists were angry because of the present
  of British troops.
• The Colonists threw sticks and snowballs at the
  British troops while screaming insults.
• Troops fired into a crowd of colonists killing 5
  people, including Cripus Attucks.

9
Boston Tea Party

• Sons of Liberty upset over the Tea Act disguised
  as Mohawk Indians snuck aboard British ships.
• Colonists threw 342 chests of tea into the Boston
  Harbor in protest of the unfair tea trade
  agreement.

10
Daughters of Liberty

• Colonial women protested by boycotting British
  products/goods.
• The Daughters of Liberty urged Americans to wear
  homemade clothes and produce other goods that
  would not profit the British.

11
Patrick Henry

• Respected member of the Virginia House of
  Burgesses that spoke out in protest of British
  law.
• Henry encouraged colonists to declare
  independence from the British government.
• Best known for his speech give me liberty or
  give me death.

12
Ben Franklin

• In London Franklin spoke of colonial resentment
  to British policies.
• Delegate to the Second Continental Congress

13
First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia

• 56 delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met in
  Philadelphia on September 5, 1774 to respond to
  the Coercive Acts.

14
Conflict at Lexington Concord

• British General Gage learns of hidden weapons in
  Concord
• Two lanterns hung in church tower to warn the
  British coming by sea (Charles River)
• Paul Revere and William Dawes make midnight ride
  to warn Minutemen

15
Lexington and Concord

• The first conflict between the Americans and
  British.
• Fired the shot heard round the world, was a
  line from a poem inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson

16
Second Continental Congress

• Delegates from the 13 colonies met in
  Philadelphia on May 10, 1775.
• Olive Branch Petition
• Delegates agreed to move towards
  independence-adopting the Declaration of
  Independence.
• Appointed George Washington Commander of the
  Army.
• Articles of Confederation

17
Olive Branch Petition

• Last attempt to negotiate with King George III to
  prevent war.
• Colonist signed and sent the petition to the king
  on July 8, 1775. It asked for free trade and
  taxes equal to those levied on the people in
  Great Britain, or no taxes and strict trade
  regulations.

18
Second Continental Congress

• Representative met to discuss actions at
  Lexington and Concord.
• Representatives brought money to help establish a
  Continental Army
• George Washington was appointed Commander of the
  Continental Army
• Representatives agreed to declare independence
  from Britain.
• Declaration an official statement
• Independence freedom to govern ones own

19
Declaration of Independence

• Jefferson wrote the majority of the 1st draft of
  the Declaration of Independence
• The document was approved on July 2, and signed
  on July 4, 1776-Independence Day
• John Hancock was the 1st to sign the Declaration
  of Independence.

20
Who fought????

• Patriots those individuals that wanted to
  declare independence from Britain.
• Loyalists- those that wanted to stay loyal to the
  royal government/king.
• Neutral those individuals that hadnt decided
  which side to take.

21
Military Strategies
The Americans
The British

• Attrition the Brits had a long supply line.
• Guerilla tactics fight an insurgent war ? just
  wear the British down
• Make an alliance with one of Britains enemies.

• Split the North the South
• Establish a blockade
• Divide and Conquer ? use the Loyalists.

22
Key People

• George Washington- Commander of Continental Army
• Marquis de Lafayette- French nobleman who
  volunteered to help the colonist during the war.
  He persuaded the French king to send 6,000 man
  army to America.
• Benedict Arnold- general that helped win Saratoga
  and tried to betray America. Arnold wanted to
  turn the fort at West Point over to the British.

23
Key People

• Ethan Allen- led the Green Mountain Boys to
  victory at Fort Ticonderoga.
• Thomas Gage- failed to capture Boston
• Lord Cornwallis-British general that surrendered
  to Washington at Yorktown
• Horatio Gates-British gen at Bunker Hill
• Sir William Howe- British general that won at
  Ticonderoga and Long Island
• Hessians- about 900 German soldiers were captured
  at the Battle of Trenton.

24
Key People

• John Burgoyne- British gen that surrendered to
  the Americans at Saratoga.
• John Paul Jones- naval officer that won the most
  famous sea battle of the Bonhomme Richard and
  Serapis. Jones is famous for his saying I have
  not yet begun to fight!
• Baron Friedrich von Steuben- responsible for
  training soldiers at Valley Forge

25
Key Battles

• Battle of Trenton-Gen. Washington crossed the
  Delaware River on Christmas eve 1776.The next
  morning he surprised and defeated the 900
  Hessians.
• Battle at Ticonderoga-Ethan Allen and the Green
  Mountain Boys defeat Gen. Burgoyne
• Battle of Saratoga-turning point of the
  revolution for the colonists. European nations
  publicly gave support to the Americans.
• Valley Forge- no battle fought, but American
  soldiers endured hardships during the winter
• Battle of Yorktown- Gen. Cornwallis surrenders

26
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the war.

• U. S. was independent
• Boundaries would be MS River on west, Canada on
  north Spanish Fl on south
• U. S. would receive the right to fish off
  Canadas Atlantic Coast
• Repay war debts it owed the other
• British return any enslaved persons
• Congress would recommend that the state return
  any property they had seized from Loyalists.