Lobelioids

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Lobelioids

• Haha

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• How and when did Lobelioids come to arrive in
  Hawaii?
• In what ways have they adapted to Hawaiian
  habitats?
• How have each of the endemic species adapted?
• What are the causes of some species disappearing?

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How Lobelioids reached the Hawaiian archipelago

• Indo-pacific region
• tropical climate
• growing conditions
• Andes fleshly fruited lobelia
• Centropogon, Burmeistera
• Seeds carried by muddy birds
• 4,000 mile trip
• roughly 5 million year ago

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Makai to mauka

• Deposited along coast the islands
• Adapted inland to less harsh climate
• Makai to mauka coast to forest

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Adaptations

• Arborescence
• Gigantism
• Protection
• Dispersal
• Pollination

Most all of these adaptations can be attributed
to Hawaiis mild climate which stimulates year
round growth
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Arborescence becoming a tree

• Weedy forms okay as colonist
• Evolve to be more treelike to match densely
  vegetated areas
• Woody forms can compete best for light
• Rosetta/whorl of leaves

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• Gigantism
• Seeds, leaves (rosette), height
• Dispersal
• Termatolobia
• salt shaker

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• Protection
• spikes/teeth on some juvenile plants of cyanea
  and rollandia
• Fall off when adulthood reached
• some permanently juvenile
• Cyanea marksii
• Land snails and some insects
• Pollination
• Hawk moth
• Honeycreepers
• Clermontia excessive flower types

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Lobelioids

• Delissea
• Cyanea
• Rollandia
• Clermontia
• Lobelia
• Trematolobelia
• Brighamia

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Delissea

• Best represents features of immigrants
• Large seeds
• Numerous flowered inflorescent

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• Distinguished by
• Large wrinkled seeds
• Pimple like projection on flower
• Habitat dry forest
• Site of original colonization

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Cyaneahaha, haha nui, haha lua, 'aku'aku,
popolo, pua kala, 'aku

• Much more diversified and common than delissea
• Habitat wet shade forests
• Spikes/spines on juvenile plants
• Absent when adulthood reached
• Cyanea marksii never grows up

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Rollandia

• Stamens are adherent to collola
• Rosetta treelike species has adapted to many
  varied habitats
• Lower wet to upper dry areas
• R. lanceolata wide hairy leaves
• Deep shady gulches
• R. pinnatifida juvenile plant has toothed
  leaves adult losses teeth
• Windy wet ridges
• R. st johnii short stem, leaves curled with
  protective shiny surface

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Clermontia 'oha, 'oha wai, 'oha wai nui, haha,
haha'aiakamanu,

• Diversification in flowers
• Sepals unusually long, some as long as the petals
• Main pollinator honeycreeper

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Lobelia oha or ohawai

• Only genus occurring else where in the world
• Typically wet places world wide
• Large rosettes on top of huge stalks
• Plant dies after fruiting

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Trematolobelia kolii

• One species, with many varieties
• Specializes in seed dispersal
• Lives in the wettest places

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Brighamia puaala, aluli, ohahah

• Grows on the steep cliffs of Kavai, Molokai (
  formerly Niihau)

Characteristically a single rosette of leaves on
top of a thick succulent stem
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What are some causes of disappearance?

• Loss of dispersibility
• Loss of competitiveness
• Invasive species
• Human activity
• Loss of habitat
• Introduction of livestock
• Loss of pollinators
• Mamo and Iiwi
• Fewer Hawk moths
• Unknown reasons

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• 95 of native Hawaiian plants occur nowhere else
  in the world
• Hawaii has 100s of species of plants and animals
  on the endangered species list
• More plants and animal species have disappeared
  from the Hawaiian islands than all of North
  America

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• Lobelioids arrived in the Hawaiian archipelago
  millions of years ago and have since has uniquely
  adapted drastically in
• Habitat
• Growth form
• Pollination requirements
• Although many lobelioid species have become
  obsolete many are still thriving and surviving!

Aloha
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bibliography

• Carquest, Sherwin. Hawaii A Natural History.
  Honolulu SB printers,inc.1980
• Carr, Dr. Gerald. U of Hawaii Botany Department.
  lthttp//www.botany.hawaii.edugt
• Fosberg, Raymond F., and Dieter Mueller-Dombois.
  Vegitation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. New
  York Springer-Verlag.1998
• Herbst, Sohmer, and Warren L. Wagner. Manual of
  the Flowering Plants of Hawaii.2vols. Honolulu U
  of Hawaii Press.1990
• Millen, Priscilla. U of Hawaii Distance Education
  Web Page. lthttp//emedia.leeward.hawaii.edu/mille
  n/bot130/gt
• New York Botanical Garden. Vascular Plant Type
  Catalog. lthttp//www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/vasc/campa
  nulaceae.htmlgt