CHEM 1003: Chemistry of Food, Health and Drugs

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CHEM 1003 Chemistry of Food, Health and Drugs

• Professor G. W. Buchanan
• Office 225 Steacie
• (613)-520-3840
• Email gerald_buchanan_at_carleton.ca
• Course website PP slides will be posted
• http//www.carleton.ca/chem/undergrad/courses/chem
  1003/index.html

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CHEM 1003 Organization/Grades

• Two 1 hour quizzes _at_ 20.Dates TBA
• Final (3 hours) 60
• If absent for a quiz for any reason, marks go on
  final
• Problem sets will be assigned, but not marked.
  Answers posted on website
• Questions on quizzes and Final similar to those
  on problem sets
• Format Multiple Choice and Short Answer

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Materials

• Text The Extraordinary Chemistry of Ordinary
  Things 4th ed. Carl H. Snyder
• Wiley Publishing.
• Problems assigned from this text

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Aims of the course

• Not to produce Chemists!
• To point out the relevance of Chemistry in Food ,
  Drugs and Health
• To promote critical assessment of information in
  the media ie. Intellectual Triage of Food, Drug
  and Health concerns, trends, new ideas etc.

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Class format

• PP presentations
• Demonstrations
• Weekly feature of Whats in the news?
• Student suggestions for these to be submitted to
  me via email-include source (radio, TV, internet,
  newspaper, mag.)
• We will try to do intellectual triage on each
  (i) immediate action (ii) follow it (iii)
  file/forget

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What in the world isnt Chemistry??
An Introduction to Chemistry lets keep it
simple (and fun) chapter 1
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Chemistry is the branch of science that studies
the composition and properties of matter and the
changes that matter undergoes
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Elements are the fundamental substances of
chemistry and are composed of atoms. 115
different elements have been identified, eg.
hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
helium, carbon, calcium, iron, sodium, chlorine.
Elements cannot be decomposed or converted to
simpler substances or other elements by any
common form of energy, eg. heat, light,
electricity, sound, magnetism. Only neutron
bombardment can induce fission of some nuclei (ie
236U) causing decay to other elements and release
of energy.
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element
that can be identified as that element.
Atoms, once thought to be the ultimate
indivisible particles that make up all matter,
are among the fundamental particles of the
science of chemistry John Dalton (1776-1844)
(UK) proposed that all matter was composed of
atoms-he was correct!
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A compound is a pure substance formed by the
chemical combination of two or more different
elements in a specific ratio.
Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held
together by the forces of chemical bonds. H2 and
O2 are molecules but not compounds.
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An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries
an electrical charge.
An anion is a negatively charged ion.
A cation is a positively charged ion.
Electrolytes are substances that conduct
electricity when dissolved in water,
or when melted if they dont dissolve.
Those that dont are
nonelectrolytes.
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Electrolytes in Human Cells
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What are we made of?

• On average, about 60 Water by weight, hence O
  and H are major components
• Muscles and fat also contain C and N
• Thus H, O, C and N make up over 95 of our
  weight!
• In terms of of atoms, much higher H
• As we age, we lose water

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Other Elements in the Human Body
Element gms/ 70kg Where
Dietary Source
Calcium Chlorine Cobalt Copper Iodine Iron
MagnesiumPhosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc
1500 105 trace trace trace 2
22 800 220 70 trace
bones teeth all cells stomach vitamin B12
in many enzymes thyroid hemoglobin
in all cells bones in ATP bones
intracellular cation extracellular cation many
enzymes
milk products table salt meat, fish, milk
nuts, shellfish seafood beef, fruits
green veggies meat, eggs everywhere table
salt seafood, meat
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Nature of these elements

• Many present as ions or in combination with
  others.
• Chlorine is present as Cl- (chloride ion).
• Phosphorus is in phosphate ion (PO4) -3.
• Sodium Potassium present as Na and K.
• Iodine present as I- (iodide ion).
• Calcium present as Ca2, often in Ca3(PO4)2.
  Calcium phosphate in teeth and bones.

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Trace Elements in the Body (a few of many)

• Selenium Se-in selenoproteins, acts as a
  peroxide scavenger. Hence anti-aging effects
  (at the proper level). Toxic at higher levels
• Manganese Mn-in metalloenzymes such as pyruvate
  carboxylase
• Molybdenum Mo-in xanthine oxidase, also a
  metalloenzyme
• ase suffix denotes an enzyme-physiological
  catalyst

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So we are full of Chemicals!!

• The 10 most abundant elements in our body in
  terms of weight
• Oxygen 65
• Carbon 18
• Hydrogen 10
• Nitrogen 3
• Calcium 1.5
• Phosphorus 1.0
• Potassium .25
• Sulfur .25
• Chlorine .15
• Sodium .15
• and 37 others (of known function)