Chapter 5 Ocean Zones

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Chapter 5 Ocean Zones
CATEGORIES Exploring the Ocean Life at the
Oceans Edge The Neritic Zone Open
Ocean Resources From the Ocean
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Exploring the Ocean

• The gently sloping, shallow ocean floor extending
  out from the edge of a continent is know as the
• Continental Shelf
• What are two reasons why people have explored the
  oceans?
• To gain scientific info., obtain food, conduct
  trade, establish new settlements and gain fame.

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Exploring the Ocean

• Why have scientists had to develop technology to
  enable them to study the deep ocean floor?
• Darkness, cold and extreme pressure
• How is sonar an indirect way of gathering data?
• Depths are not measured directly but are
  calculated based on the timing of echoes.

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Exploring the Ocean

• What is the smooth, nearly flat region of the
  ocean floor called?
• Abyssal plain
• What is a seamount?
• Mountains that are completely underwater.

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Exploring the Ocean

• Which ocean floor feature makes up the deepest
  parts of the ocean?
• Trenches
• The high temperature pressure inside the Earth
  cause some of the material in the mantle to form
  a hot liquid called
• Magma

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Exploring the Ocean
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• At the mid-ocean ridge, magma wells upward from
  Earths
• Mantle
• The thin, rocky, outer layer of Earth is called
  the
• Crust

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Life at the Oceans Edge

• Some physical factors that determine where marine
  organisms can live include
• Salinity, water temp., light, dissolved gases,
  nutrients and wave action.
• Free-swimming animals that move throughout the
  water column are called
• Nekton

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Life at the Oceans Edge

• Which organisms inhabit the ocean floor?
• Benthos

• Are Sharks plankton, nekton or benthos?
• Nekton

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Life at the Oceans Edge

• Why are sharks nekton?
• They can swim freely throughout the water column.
• Where is the intertidal zone located?
• It stretches from the highest high-tide line on
  land out to the point on the continental shelf
  exposed by the lowest low-tide.

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Life at the Oceans Edge

• A _______ is a coastal inlet or bay where fresh
  water from a river mixes with salty ocean water.
• Estuary

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Life at the Oceans Edge

• What are the two types of coastal wetlands?
• Mangrove forests Salt marshes

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• Coral reefs and kelp forests are usually found in
  the
• Neritic Zone
• What are two ways that nutrients may be supplied
  to the neritic zone?
• Washed into the ocean from land or brought from
  the bottom by upwelling currents

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• How can human activity impact a coral reef?
• Boat anchors, divers, making the water cloudy or
  chemicals polluting the water.

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• How can changes in water temperature clarity
  affect coral reefs?
• If the water is too warm the coral animal will
  release the algae. If the water is too cloudy
  the algae will die. Without algae the coral will
  not grow and eventually die

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• What is an atoll?
• It is a ring-shaped reef surrounding a shallow
  lagoon.
• Why do very few organisms live in the deep zone?
• Harsh conditions with very cold water, no light
  and limited food supply.

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• What is a hydrothermal vent?
• An area where ocean water sinks through cracks in
  the ocean floor, is heated by magma rises
  again.
• How do hydrothermal vents support living things?
• By releasing chemical nutrients that bacteria use
  to produce food.

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Neritic Zone Open Ocean

• The surface zone is the only part of the open
  ocean that receives enough _______ to support
• Sunlight and growth of algae.

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Resources from the Ocean

• What does overfishing cause?
• The amount of fish to decrease.
• The farming of saltwater and freshwater organisms
  is called
• Aquaculture

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Resources from the Ocean

• What is the source of the oil gas deposits on
  the ocean floor?
• Formed from remain of living organisms
• How are fisheries naturally renewed each year?
• New fish are born, replacing the fish that are
  caught.

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Resources from the Ocean

• Most ocean pollution comes from
• Human Sources
• Name a nonliving resource found in the ocean.
• Fresh water from desalination, magnesium, gravel,
  sand, shells, diamonds, gold, oil natural gas.

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Resources from the Ocean

• Why cant each nation make its own laws regarding
  ocean resources?
• Different nations laws might conflict. No
  nation owns the high seas.

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Resources from the Ocean

• Why should nations cooperate?
• To protect the oceans

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