Avian Influenza: Whats New

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Avian InfluenzaWhats New?

• Darrell W. Trampel, DVM, ISU
• Poultry Extension Veterinarian/Diagnostician
• Iowa State University

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Avian Influenza

• H5N1 Human Poultry Outbreaks
• Terminology Biology
• Surveillance Programs
• National HPAI Response Plan
• New NPIP AI Programs

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Avian Influenza Asia Qinghai Lake, China
(4/30/05)

• Bar-headed geese, gulls, and great cormorants
• Migrate to
• Siberia Myanmar
• Australia New Zealand
• India Bangladesh (migratory birds from Europe)

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Avian InfluenzaThe Virus

• Family Orthomyxoviridae
• Genus Influenzavirus
• Serotypes A
• Subtypes H5N1
• Pathotypes LP or HP
• Genotypes Z

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Influenza A Virus
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Avian InfluenzaPathotype Identication

• Mildly pathogenic/low pathogenic
• H1 - H5,., H7, H16
• Significant morbidity mortality
• Highly pathogenic (HPAI)
• H5 or H7 only
• Up to 100 mortality

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Influenza A
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Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza can Infect
Humans

• One duck hunter
• Two Iowa DNR workers
• Antibodies to H11N9
• No human illness
• J. Gill, Emerg Infect Dis121284-1286, 2006

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Avian Influenza SurveillanceMigratory Waterfowl

• Migratory birds meet in Alaska
• USDA/Department of Interior
• 75 to 100,000 samples (2006)
• Live and dead birds
• 50,000 samples (2006)
• Water or feces
• 13,000 tests no HPAI H5N1

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Avian Influenza SurveillanceNorth American LP
H5N1

• 2002 Michigan Turkeys
• 2005 Manitoba Ducks
• June/06 Canada Ducks
• Aug/06 Michigan Swans
• Aug/06 PA Ducks
• Sep/06 Maryland Ducks

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Avian Influenza SurveillanceFour Iowa Programs

• Commercial chickens turkeys IPA
• September, 2003
• 2005 74 flocks positive
• Fighting cocks IDALS
• Upland Gamebirds IPA
• Backyard/Hobby IDALS

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Avian Influenza SurveillanceISU Veterinary
Diagnostic Lab

• Commercial chickens turkeys
• Serum samples
• 20/flock
• Fighting cocks RRT-PCR
• Upland Gamebirds RRT-PCR
• Backyard/Hobby RRT-PCR

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Iowa Poultry Emergency Disease Plan

• Avian Influenza END
• Biosecurity
• Investigation of Infected Contact Premises
• Euthanasia

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Iowa Poultry Emergency Disease Plan

• Carcass Disposal
• Cleaning and Disinfection
• Transportation
• Recovery/Repopulation
• Communication

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Iowa Poultry Emergency Disease Plan

• Iowa Poultry Association
• Iowa Turkey Federation
• Hy-Line International
• State Veterinarian
• Federal Area Veterinarian
• Iowa State University

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National Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Response PlanAugust, 2006 (2nd draft)

• Quarantine
• State (Intrastate commerce)
• Federal (Interstate commerce)
• Permit for Movement Control
• Prevent further spread

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National HPAI Response Plan Quarantine Zones

• Control Area
• Infected Zone 2.0 m (3 km)
• Buffer Surveillance Zone
• Poultry products Permit movement
• Surveillance Zone 6.2 m (10 km)
• Free Zone

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National HPAI Response Plan Classification of
Premises

• Infected Infected Zone
• Contact (Exposure) Infected Zone
• Suspect (No exposure) Infected Zone
• At-Risk Surveillance Zone
• Free Free Zone

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Protocol Movement of Eggs In and Out of
Quarantine Zone

• Infected Premises
• No egg movement
• Non-infected Suspect Premises
• PCR testing of daily mortality
• Liquid egg products, shell eggs, hatching eggs,
  broken egg shells

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National Poultry Improvement Plan

• 1935
• Control Salmonella pullorum
• Organization for poultry breeders
• Reviewed/revised every 2 years
• September 7-9, 2006
• Portland, Oregon

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National Poultry Improvement Plan

• Cooperative program
• USDA
• Andy Rhorer, Conyers, GA
• States
• Cindy Christian, Urbandale
• Iowa Poultry Association
• [phone]
• Industry

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NPIP CFR Part 146 Commercial Poultry Subparts

• B Egg-Type Chickens 2004
• C Meat-Type Chicken 2004
• D Turkeys 2004
• E Waterfowl, Exhibition Poultry, and Upland
  Gamebirds 2006

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NPIP ProgramsBreeder Commercial Flocks

• U. S. Avian Influenza Clean
• Egg-type chickens
• Meat-type chickens
• U. S. H5/H7 Avian Influenza Clean
• Turkeys
• Waterfowl, Exhibition Poultry, Upland Gamebirds

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New NPIP Official Testsfor Avian Influenza

• AGID
• ELISA
• RRT-PCR
• AIVATS
• AI Virus Antigen Test Strip
• Flu Detect (Symbiotics)

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