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Philippine Research Team

• Dr. Mary Racelis,
• Project Director
• Angela Desiree Aguirre, Co-Project Director
• Dr. Liane Pena-Alampay, Psychologist-Consultant

• Cebu City Partners
• Dr. Felisa U. Etemadi
• Teresa Banaynal Fernandez
• Davao City Partners
• Rosemarie Matias Fernandez
• Jerome Serrano

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Introduction

• Philippine development
• From rural to urban (48 urban)
• 1/3 to 2/5 poor settlers
• Children (0-17 years old) is 43 of TPP
• Convention on the Rights of the Child
• 31st state to ratify CRC
• GOPs Child 21

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Child 21

• Road map for priority setting and resource
  allocation
• Follows the life cycle approach
• Infant
• Young child
• school-age child
• Adolescent
• Identifies 24 goals or indicators relating to 4
  child right domains

• SURVIVAL
• Birth registration
• 6 months exclusive breastfeeding
• Full immunization
• Monthly weighing
• Nutrition
• 2x/year Vitamin A capsules
• Trained birth attendance
• 4 prenatal checkups
• Anti-tetanus immunization
• Vitamin A and iron
• Emergency obstetric care
• Pregnancies spaced at two years
• Safe drinking water
• Iodized salt
• Sanitary latrine

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Child 21

• Protection
• Remove from exploitative and hazardous labor,
  prostitution and pornography
• Eliminate physical and sexual abuse
• Participation
• All children aged 12 to 17 years participate in
  socio-cultural and community development
  activities.

• DEVELOPMENT
• Attend Early education program
• Complete elementary and high school
• Pass achievement tests
• Alternative education for OSY
• Functional literacy program for
  parents/caregivers
• Parental rearing of children

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• CPC V
• a GOP - UNICEF program that seeks to translate
  the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
  from policy to action through a well defined,
  goal-oriented and multi-sectoral child friendly
  movement

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• Nine Building Blocks of a CFC
• Children as active participants
• Child Friendly laws
• Citywide Child Rights strategy
• Child Rights Unit
• Regular assessments and impact evaluations
• Budget for children
• State of the Children Report
• Awareness dissemination
• Independent advocacy for children

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IPC research on CFC

• In 2001, Action-research on children and youth in
  poor settlements in 5 cities
• To ascertain if CFC program serves them
• With support from UNICEF Philippines, UNICEF IRC
  Florence, and UNICEF NYHQ

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Objectives of the CFC Study

• Differentiate categories of poor and vulnerable
  children
• Ascertain childrens views of their daily lives,
  the environment, poverty, the rich, rights,
  problems and aspirations
• Clarify perspectives on children
• Review CFC and poverty reduction programs

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(Cont.) Objectives of the CFC Study

• Develop concepts and methodologies for learning
  about poverty, including participatory research
  with children and adults in informal settlements
• Provide examples of CO approaches that enable
  children to gain access to their rights, and
• Enhance the UNICEF IRC global role in promoting
  research and data collection, information
  exchange and networking on CFC
• (www.childfriendlycities.org)

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Making Philippine Cities Child Friendly Voices
of Children in Poor Communities

• ACTIVITIES
• Quick Appraisal in
• 27 communities
• Case Study of
• 4 communities

• PROCESS
• KI interviews
• Focus group and play sessions
• Secondary data collection
• Community consultation and feedback session

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Growing Up Poor Voices of Children

• Work here is not permanent. Where will I work
  in the future if I do not study? (Age 7-10 )
• We feel good on turning over earnings to
  parents to buy rice. (Age 11-13)
• When you have younger siblings you take care of
  them. Of course this makes you very tired and it
  is unfair because they parents just take it
  easy. And if they lose in gambling, they get mad
  at you. Then there is no money to buy rice
  because they gambled it away! (Age 14-17)

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Growing Up Poor Voices of Children

• I am not able to concentrate on my studies as
  much as I wish because I have to wake up at dawn
  to go to the market, where I earn money as a
  porter so we can have something for breakfast. I
  attend school in the morning and when I am in
  class, I feel sleepy. I have difficulty
  understanding the lessons. So, I fail my
  subjects. I am in grade 3 for the third time!
  (Age 11)

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Growing Up Poor Voices of Children

• The child is crying because his mother and
  father are fighting. It hurts him, and
• he feels it. It is frightening.
• (Age 4-6)
• At the barangay health center, at the Red Cross.
  Once youre pierced by a stick, go immediately to
  the health center for treatment.
• (Age 7-10)

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Growing Up Poor Voices of Children

• They are poor because their ancestors are poor
  if they are rich, it is because their ancestors
  were rich. (Age 7-10)
• It is as if you are asking why there are
  storms! It just happens! (Age 14-17)
• All they government know is politics, so the
  welfare of children is neglected. They concern
  themselves with small matters, when the youth
  have big problems. (Age 14-17)

• Because there is a dumpsite herebecause we have
  been poor for a long time.
• (Age 4-6)
• The poorest children are those who have nothing
  to eat, have parents who are lazy and do nothing,
  have no jobs, and in times of need, have not
  enough savings. (Age 7-10)
• When the land is about to be sold, the people
  living there are removed. They are thrown just
  anywhere. (Age 11-13)

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Government Response

• NATIONAL AGENCIES
• Dept. of Health
• Medical and dental services
• Intensive health campaigns
• Vitamin A distribution
• Dept. of Social Welfare and Development
• ECCD
• Educational assistance
• Drop-in centers
• Assistance to CNSP

• City Hall
• Health supplemental feeding, medical and dental
  services, livelihood skills training,
  micro-credit assistance
• Development educational assistance and
  sponsorship, supplemental feeding session,
  recreational facilities, special education or
  home study program, parenting seminar
• Protection temporary shelter, training on child
  rights and gender sensitivity

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Government Response

• Health
• Supplemental feeding and milk distribution,
  health education, free medicines, volunteer HWs
• Development
• ECCD centers, educational assistance, skills
  training for OSY, funds for sports activities,
  PES
• Protection
• Formation of BCPC and special bodies, seminars on
  drug abuse, child rights, BCPC, maintenance of
  peace and order
• Participation
• Childrens congress, sports, cleanliness and
  fiesta activities, local youth council

• The barangay tanod (community police) arrest
  youth who are found roaming the streets late at
  night. Young people are prohibited from going out
  of their homes beyond curfew hours to avoid
  fistfights.
• I do not know what to say about the government.
  If they have programs for us, well and good. My
  present concern is to be able to go back to
  school.

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Assessing GO response

• They (referring to barangay security development
  officers or BSDOs) are troublemakers. They
  apprehend child scavengers at the dumpsite
  instead of those using or pushing drugs. If you
  have a decent work, like scavenging, they arrest
  you if you have an illegal job, that is the time
  they do not apprehend. The BSDOs warn youth
  scavengers who jump on passing garbage trucks to
  collect garbage, but ignore those who steal.
  Scavengers are all they see they do not look for
  the thieves because they are too lazy to run
  after them. Really, they do their work, but of a
  hundred percent, perhaps only 10 percent . . .

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Conclusions

• Child rights delivery of basic services
• Survival and development rights most addressed
  participation rights least understood and
  accepted
• Children covered by CPC V fared better
• Non-CPC community can do well or even better if
  there is strong civil society support
• 5 Cities assessed according to Nine Building
  Blocks

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Recommendations

• COMMUNITY
• Employment and income
• More schools
• Healthy safe neighborhoods
• Security of land tenure
• Parenting seminars
• Programs for the youth
• Training of barangay leaders
• Quality of health and police services and
• Performance of local officials in service
  delivery and rights promotion

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Build enough schools to accommodate all children
and make these safe and better learning places

• increased number of scholarships
• less crowded schools with fewer students per
  class
• enough number of desks and chairs, clean toilets
  with water, better ventilation and lighting
• own textbooks
• eliminate gang and fraternity violence on school
  premises
• help teachers understand the plight of working
  children (often tired, sleepy dirty bullying by
  classmates because we are scavengers)
• teach parents and barangay leaders to appreciate
  and support childrens rights

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Expand programs for the youth to include skills
development and job access, especially for
out-of-school youth

• Help out-of-school youth return to school or go
  to alternative schools offer skills and job
  training programs find job placements and
  internships.
• Overhaul the SK and the BCPC to pursue improved
  programs
• Introduce discussions about relations between
  young girls and boys, or teenage sexuality
• Encourage the active participation of children
  and youth in the creation, implementation and
  evaluation of programs
• Provide them enough funding to enhance the
  positive capacities and contributions of the
  members, while allocating benefits to them and
  others included in their projects

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Recommendations City Hall Civil Society

• Integrate CR programs into the barangay
  development plan and budget
• Enhance children and youth participation in
  decision making thru strengthening SK, the BCPC,
  and related local special bodies
• Target the more vulnerable youth offer them a
  range of opportunities and charge local bodies
  with giving high priority to their concerns
• Heighten advocacy and access of services for
  children, and monitor performance in terms of
  unreached children
• Facilitate PO and NGO community organizing for
  peoples empowerment and decision making

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Recommendations City Hall Civil Society

• advocacy
• increase IEC activities for child rights
• coordinate the efforts of all stakeholders for
  children
• foster stakeholder networks
• database
• maintain a user-friendly database of children and
  youth disaggregated by gender, age, and levels of
  deprivation, with BCPC at its helm
• budget
• heighten political will for CFC in city
  governments through higher allocations in the
  city budget

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Recommendations IPC Social Scientists

• Adopt targeted strategies aimed at reaching the
  poorest and most disadvantaged children
• Support participatory processes that call for
  consultation with people in the community,
  including children
• Establish a user-friendly community-based data
  system for use in local barangay and PO planning
  processes
• Train barangay councils/other local groups to
  collect, assess, and use data for planning and
  monitoring targeted programs and projects
• Enrich local young peoples knowledge of
  computerized data processing schemes

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Recommendations IPC Social Scientists

• Strengthen POs to be autonomous, empowered civil
  society groups
• Develop CFC programs together with NGOs and other
  civil society groups emphasizing participatory
  processes in governance
• Activate the official local bodies charged with
  ensuring the peoples wellbeing reform and
  rationalize overlapping functions of the SK and
  the BCPC
• Consider the differential sizes and
  characteristics of cities that affect child
  friendly programs

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For children and youth,

• A child friendly city is a place where children
  can play. It is clean, pretty and safe, has lots
  of animals, trees and flowers. There is fresh
  air and no garbage and pollution. No one fights,
  people are happy, they understand, help and love
  one another. The neighborhood is prosperous and
  people can earn and move up in life. Adults
  encourage children, treat us well and show real
  concern for us.
• (Payatas children, 8 to 12 years old)

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Why some cities respond better than others?

• Population size and area of barangays
• No. of poor children and youth
• Interest and concern of barangay officials
• Active presence of NGOs faith-based groups
  working with the community
• GO willingness to forge meaningful partnerships
  with NGOs and POs
• Citys budgetary strength
• UNICEF funding support