Background

1
Background
Perception
Display Considerations
Video Technology
Animation Production
Orientation Representation
2
Perception
Persistence of Vision
Positive Afterimage
Perception of Motion
Flicker, flicker rate
Refresh rate v. update rate
3
Display Issues
Double buffering
Shadows, drop shadows
Motion Blur
Compositing Alpha channel
4
Analog Image Technology
Raster scan video v. projected film frame
Film cameras, plotters
CRT TVs, PCs, workstations
5
Film
Format dimensions, perforations, sound
Frames per second
Multiple exposures
6
Video - Raster Pattern
7
Interlaced Raster Pattern
Frame v. field
8
Video
NTSC 29.97Hz, interlaced 43 aspect ratio 480
scanlines 640 (square) pixels
60Hz, progressive scan
9
Compression Techniques
Run-length encoding
LZW
Discrete Cosine Transform, Wavelet
YUV
Fractal
10
Codecs
Video I
RLE
GIF
Sorenson
MJPEG
MPEG-1
Cinepak
MPEG-2
11
Digital Video Formats
Animated GIF
MJPEG
MPEG
12
Movie Formats
Quicktime
Video for Windows
13
Non-linear Editing
Source n
Source 2
Source 1
Computer-based Editing system
Disk
VCR
DV camera
Web site
DVD
CD
14
Animation Production
Production - sequence - shot -frame
storyboard
Pencil tests
Test shots
Key frames (extremes) and in-betweening
15
Animation Production
Story
Art
Layout
Modeling
Animating
Shading
Lighting
Camera
16
Technical Jobs
RD
Production Support
Technical Director (TD)
17
Animation Principles
Follow Through / Overlapping Action
Squash and Stretch
Appeal
Anticipation
Secondary Actions
Exaggeration
Staging
Timing
Arcs
Slow in Slow out
Pose-to-pose v. Straight Ahead
18
Orientation Representation
Transformation Matrices
Fixed Angle
Euler Angles
Axis-Angle
Quaternions
19
Transformation Matrices
0
a
b
c
0
d
e
f
0
g
h
i
1
0
0
0
20
Fixed Angles
Y
E.g., (X,Y,Z)
X
Z
21
Fixed Angle Interpolation
(0,90,0) to (90,0,0)
22
Euler Angles
(e.g., z,y,x)
Y
x
y
z
Z
X
23
Axis-Angle
Y
(Ax,Ay,Az,q)
A
q
X
Z
Eulers rotation theorem
24
Quaternions
(cos(q/2),sin(q/2)A)
A
q