Continued Evaluation of Freud

1
Continued Evaluation of Freud

• Culturally biased (already discussed)
• Testability
• Concepts defined ambiguously
• Empirical evidence low
• Narrow data base
• Didnt do research
• Difficult to disprove
• Broad and comprehensive
• Lasting legacy

2
Carl Jung (1875 1961)

• Anyone who wants to know the human psyche will
  learn next to nothing from experimental
  psychology.  He would be better advised to
  abandon exact science, put away his scholar's
  gown, bid farewell to his study, and wander with
  human heart through the world.  There in the
  horrors of prisons, lunatic asylums and
  hospitals, in drab suburban pubs, in brothels and
  gambling-hells, in the salons of the elegant, the
  Stock Exchanges, socialist meetings, churches,
  revivalist gatherings and ecstatic sects, through
  love and hate, through the experience of passion
  in every form in his own body, he would reap
  richer stores of knowledge than text-books a foot
  thick could give him, and he will know how to
  doctor the sick with a real knowledge of the
  human soul. -- Carl Jung

3
Carl Jung (1875 1961)

• Rich contribution
• Melding of psychology, religion, culture
• Parts of Mind
• Conscious ego
• Personal unconscious
• Collective unconscious

4
Jung

• Archetypes
• Wise Old Man
• Hero
• Trickster
• Great Mother

5

• Jungs Types
• Introversion - oriented toward inner world
• Extraversion
• Preferred ways of dealing with the world
• 4 functions
• Sensing
• Intuiting
• Thinking
• Feeling
• 12 are perceiving functions
• 34 are judging functions
• See Myers-Briggs Types

6
Alfred Adler (1870 1937)

• Feelings of inferiority
• Striving for superiority
• Inferiority complex
• Mistaken lifestyles

7
Karen Horney (1855 1952)

• Basic anxiety
• 10 neurotic needs
• 3 broad coping strategies

8
Horney

• Coping or directional strategies
• moving toward (compliance)
• moving away (withdrawal)
• moving against (aggression)

9

• Object relations theory
• object
• Heinz Kohut self psychology
• selfobject
• mirroring
• Narcissitc personality

10
Erik Erikson

• Psychosocial stages of development
• Infancy trust vs. mistrust
• Early childhood autonomy vs. shame
• Preschool initiative vs. guilt
• School age industry vs. inferiority
• Adolescence identity vs. confusion
• Young adulthood intimacy vs. isolation
• Adulthood generativity vs. stagnation
• Old age integrity vs. despair

11
Attachment theories

• Attachment emotional ties or bonds with someone
• Themes
• safe base
• internal working models

12

• Secure attachment (70)
• Insecure attachment (30)
• avoidant
• ambivalent
• disorganized

13

• Ainsworth (1983) Isabella et al. (1989)
• Harzan Shaver (1987)
• secure adults
• avoidant adults
• ambivalent adults
• Fraley Shaver (1998)