The Great War

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The Great War

• Causes

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World War I Causes

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination

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The causes spell out
MANIA

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination

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Nationalism

• It is the belief that national interests
  unity should be placed ahead of global
  cooperation
• It is the belief that a nations interest should
  always come first in matters of foreign policy.
• It is also the belief that a nation of people
  should have control over its own affairs.
• In other words, nations of people should have
  independence or sovereignty.

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Nationalism Why does it lead to war?

• It led to competition among countries.
• Each nation is becomes selfish.
• The nations only worry about their own interests.
• Plus other nations resent being dominated by
  stronger nations.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• France Germany competed for European dominance.
• France lost the Franco-Prussian War in 1871.
• Germany gained independence as a result.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• France Germany competed for European dominance.
• This is a map of a unified German Empire that
  lasted from 1871 to 1918.
• Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia unified Germany after
  the Franco-Prussian War.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• France Germany competed for European dominance.
  
• France lost part of its province of Alsace in
  1871.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• France Germany competed for European dominance.
• France lost part of its province of Lorraine to
  Germany in 1871.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Russia Austria-Hungary competed for European
  dominance.
• Russia saw itself as protector of Europes Slavic
  peoples.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Russia Austria-Hungary competed for European
  dominance.
• Russia was interested in having strong influence
  over Serbia.
• Most of Serbia was independent
• But Russia was jealous of the fact that
  Austria-Hungary had control over millions of
  Serbs.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Nations of people (ethnic groups) resent foreign
  dominance (hegemony).
• Serbs resent that Austria-Hungary denied millions
  of its fellow Serbs independence.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Nations of people (ethnic groups) resent foreign
  dominance (hegemony).
• Serbs resent that Austria-Hungary denied millions
  of its fellow Serbs independence.

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Nations of people (ethnic groups) resent foreign
  dominance (hegemony).
• Poles resent that they have no independence.
• Most of the Polish people were ruled by Germany
  or Austria-Hungary..

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Nationalism Examples of Nationalistic Conflicts

• Nations of people (ethnic groups) resent foreign
  dominance (hegemony).
• Czechs resent that they have no independence.
• The Czech people were ruled by Austria-Hungary.
• The Austrian-Hungarian empire did not even allow
  the Czechs to speak their own language.

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Nationalism Why does it lead to war?

• Summary
• Strong nations fight other strong nations over
  turf.
• Weaker nations fight stronger nations for
  independence.
• Strong nations resent each others strength.
• Weaker nations nations resent being oppressed by
  stronger nations.

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Imperialism

• It is the policy of extending a nations
  authority over other countries by economic,
  political, or military means.
• European nations not only tried to dominated
  other nations of Europe.
• European nations also tried to dominate much of
  the rest of the world.

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Imperialism
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Imperialism
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Imperialism Why does it lead to war?

• European nations begin fighting over territory in
  order to become wealthier more powerful.
• Germany, France, Great Britain desired
  territories that had raw materials to help them
  industrialized.
• Cotton
• Oil
• Rubber
• European nations also wanted colonies that would
  buy the manufactured goods that they were
  producing.

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Imperialism Examples of Imperialistic Conflicts

• Any territory highlighted shows conflict.
• Superpowers fought with each other over
  territories.
• Weaker nations fought the superpowers for
  independence.
• By the end of Queen Victorias rule (1837-1901),
  the U.K. had an empire that made up 1/4 of the
  worlds land.
• From accomplishment came a famous saying.
• The sun never sets on the British Empire.

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Imperialism Examples of Imperialistic Conflicts

• Europe fought each other to control Africa.
• Great Britain, France, Germany almost went to
  war over Africa.
• In 1884, the Berlin Conference avoided
  wide-spread war over Africa.
• By 1913, only Liberia Ethiopia remained
  independent.
• Native Africans fought against European
  domination.

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Imperialism Examples of Imperialistic Conflicts

• Russo-Japanese War.
• Russia Japan battled over Korea, Manchuria,
  Sakhalin Island.
• The natives of these nations also battled for
  their independence.

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Militarism

• Nationalism Imperialism fueled a military
  build-up.
• An arms race began in order for imperialist
  nations to maintain build their empires.
• By 1890, Germany began an army reserve system.
• Great Britain was not very threatened because it
  had the most powerful navy in the world.
• Nations (including Great Britain) became more
  threatened when Kaiser Wilhelm II started to
  build a significant navy in 1897.
• France, Italy, Japan, the U.S. also joined the
  navy build up.

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Militarism Why does Militarism lead to war?

• It creates tension between people of different
  nations.
• It makes leaders paranoid of other countries
  stocking up on WMDs (Weapons of Mass
  Destruction).
• It also makes nations willing to go to war
  because they have the weapons to make war.

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Militarism What are some examples?

• The Dreadnought of 1906.
• The U.K. constructs a new powerful dreadnought
  .
• This is a very large battle ship that can travel
  up to 63 km/hour.
• This leads to Germany, the U.S., France, Italy
  trying to create bigger, faster battleships.

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Alliances

• Because of the hostilities, jealousies, fears
  created by Nationalism, Imperialism,
  Militarism, countries signed alliance treaties
  with other nations.
• Alliance countries each agreed to support one
  another if one of the member countries is
  attacked.
• There were two major alliances formed by 1914.
• The Allies (The Triple Entente)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia
• (Italy joined later in 1915)
• The Central Powers (The Triple Alliance)
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey)
• (Italy quit the alliance in 1915.)

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Alliances

• These alliances actually maintained peace for a
  number of years because no one wanted to start a
  large conflict.
• Instead, this system of alliances made the
  conditions right for any small conflict to turn
  into a large conflict.
• The Allies (The Triple Entente)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia
• (Italy joined later in 1915)
• The Central Powers (The Triple Alliance)
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey)
• (Italy quit the alliance in 1915.)

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Alliances

• The Allies (The Triple Entente)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia
• (Italy joined later in 1915)
• Austria
• Belgium
• Brazil
• British Colonies
• Canada New Foundland
• China
• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• French North
• French Colonies
• Guatemala
• Greece
• Haiti

• The Central Powers (The Triple Alliance)
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey)
• Bulgaria
• (Italy quit the alliance in 1915.)

• India
• Japan
• Liberia
• Montenegro
• New Zealand
• Nicaragua
• Portugal
• Romania
• Serbia
• South Africa

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Alliances

• The Central Powers (The Triple Alliance)
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey)
• Bulgaria
• (Italy quit the alliance in 1915.)

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Alliances

• The Allies (The Triple Entente)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia
• (Italy joined later in 1915)
• Austria
• Belgium
• Brazil
• British Colonies
• Canada
• New Foundland
• China
• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• French North
• French Colonies
• Guatemala
• Greece

• India
• Japan
• Liberia
• Montenegro
• New Zealand
• Nicaragua
• Portugal
• Romania
• Serbia
• South Africa

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Alliances
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Alliances
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Assassination

• With the Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism,
  Alliances in place, all that was needed was a
  small spark to fuel a major conflict.
• The spark that started The Great War was the
  assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
  Austria-Hungary.
• It ignited, the powder keg of Europe, the
  Balkan Peninsula.

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Assassination Why was the Balkan Peninsula a
Powder Keg?

• Russia wanted control over the Balkans so it
  would have access to the Mediterranean.
• Germany wanted the Balkans so it could run a
  railroad line to connect it to its ally, the
  Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
• Austria-Hungary wanted to maintain extend
  control over the region for similar reasons.
• Serbs Bosnians resented being dominated by
  foreign occupiers (Austria-Hungary).

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Assassination The Assassination plan

• Gavrilo Princip was a nineteen-year-old student
  in 1914.
• He was born a kmet, a Serbian version of a serf.
• He dreamed of being a professor, but became
  consumed with his people being oppressed by the
  Austrian-Hungarian Empire.
• Like many Serbs members of his Black Hand
  Group, they believed that it was the right time
  to do something to weaken the empire.
• Fran Josefs empire was teetering, nationalism
  was on the rise.

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Assassination The Assassination plan

• Gavrilo Princip chose June 28, 1914 to make his
  assassination attempt of Franz Ferdinand his
  wife Sophie.
• Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the
  Austrian-Hungarian throne.
• The plan was highly amateur.
• The assassins consisted of a painter, a
  carpenter, a teacher, four students.
• Five were under age 20.
• The oldest was 27.
• None of them had ever handled a weapon before.

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Assassination The Assassination plan

• The Black Hand Group members plan included the
  following
• Six makeshift grenades
• Four aged Browning pistols
• Seven vials of cyanide (to commit suicide after
  the assassination)
• Travel plans to Sarajevo
• On the morning of June 28, 1914 Franz Ferdinand
  Sophie began their parade through the city.
• Gavrilo Princip took their places along the
  parade route.

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Assassination Carrying out the assassination plan

• As Franz Ferdinand Sophie made their parade
  route in their black, convertible, sedan, the
  first two assassins lost their nerve did
  nothing.
• A third assassin lobbed a grenade at the sedan
  missed, hitting the car behind Franz Ferdinands
  car.
• He then botched his suicide attempt by not
  swallowing enough cyanide instead of dying, he
  vomited.
• An hour later, the parade resumed.

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Assassination Carrying out the assassination plan

• In an uncanny twist of fate, Franz Ferdinands
  driver took a wrong turn, stopping the car by a
  delicatessen where Gavrilo Princi stood five feet
  away.
• Gavrilo Princip hesitated, ,turned his head away,
  and fired two shots at Franz Ferdinand Sophie.
• After getting shot Franz Ferdinand muttered Es
  ist nicht, (Its nothing).

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Assassination Carrying out the assassination plan

• Soon after, Franz Ferdinand Sophie die.

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Assassination Why does this spark lead to war?

• The assassination led to a larger conflict than
  just one between Serbia Austria-Hungary.
• Russia came to the aid of the Serbs. (They had a
  secret alliance.)
• Germany came to the aid of Austria-Hungary.
• France came to aid of Russia.
• England came to the aid of Belgium since Germany
  invaded Belgium on its way to France.

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Assassination Why does this spark lead to war?

• Politicians tried to gain public support for
  going to war by claiming that they were bound by
  their agreements with nations in need.
• Politicians also argued that they needed to
  protect their property businesses too.
• Secretly many political leaders saw this Sarajevo
  event as an opportunity to compete for more land
  squelch anti-government anti-imperialist
  movements.
• Not much diplomacy was attempted after the
  assassination as a result.
• By 1000 a.m. on August 2, 1914, the war began
  with 8 German cavalrymen attacked a French sentry
  post on the border town of Belfort, France.

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Assassination Why does this spark lead to war?

• On July, 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared a
  brisk little war on Serbia.
• Russia mobilized its army to help Serbia on July,
  29, 1914.
• Germany declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914
  in support of Austria-Hungary.
• On August 3, 1914, Germany then declared war on
  France, Russias ally.
• Great Britain also declare war on Germany
  Austria-Hungary.
• The Great War was in full swing.