Architectural History part 1

1
Architectural Historypart 1

• Architecture I
• Fairport High School
• Technology Department

2
A. Ancient - Egyptian (3500BC)

• Surviving structures Tombs and monuments
• Pyramids with intricate passageways
• Pyramids at Ghizeh
• Great Pyramids at Cheops (746 sq.ft and 482
  tall)
• The Temple of the Sphinx

3
The Sphinx
The Pyramids
4
B. Ancient - Assyrian (3500BC)

• Surviving structures palaces and fortifications
• Structures made of clay and brick

5
Sculpture was one of a pair that guarded the
entrance to the throne room of King Sargon II
6
C. Ancient - Persian (2000BC)

• Solid stone gateways
• Pilasters w/ brick
• Extensive use of a Corbel

A corbel is a bracket supporting a projecting
object, or receiving the spring of an
arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic
architecture. A common form of corbel consists of
courses of stones or bricks, each projecting
slightly beyond the next below it.
7
Persian king Cyrus the Great founded the Persian
Empire. Its capital was Persepolis, which is
located in the mountainous region of southwestern
Iran. The high, dry climate has preserved much of
the architecture, and archaeologists have
uncovered and restored many of the ruins.
8
Persian Tombs
Forification
9
D. Ancient - Greek (500 100 BC)

• Most remarkable works of art and architecture
• Developed an architecture of columns and
  monuments and temples
• Ornate exterior designs for structures

10
Parthenon
Greek Theater
11
The Parthenon

• Built as a temple for the goddess Athena, the
  Parthenon was constructed during the Classical
  Period (circa 490-323 bce), which began upon the
  defeat of the reigning Persian Empire.
• This period encompassed the golden age of Greece,
  a time when literature, art, theater, and
  philosophy flourished.

12
The Parthenon

• With democracy gaining a foothold, funding for
  the building of the Parthenon was put to a vote
  of the people, who agreed to use defense funds to
  rebuild the Acropolis with the Parthenon at its
  center.

13
The Parthenon

• With its many iconic features, the
  Parthenondesigned to symbolize the ideals of
  art, science, and democracywas the first
  building ever to be constructed entirely of
  marble.
• The Parthenon includes subtle architectural
  refinements that together make it appear visually
  perfect, although there has been much debate
  about just why the builders incorporated these
  refinements.

14
E. Ancient Rome Romanesque
(500-1200)

• Theaters, baths, basilicas, bridges, monuments,
  fountains
• Development of the arch, vault, dome
• Coliseum (80 AD)
• Pantheon (138AD)

15
The Coliseum
16
The Pantheon - exterior
The Pantheon - interior
17
The Dome at St. Peters Cathedral
18
F. Byzantine

• Developed a Dome rising from a square base using
  traditional curved surfaces called pendentives
• Brick and stone used for Dome constructions
• Centralized structures

19
Pendentives
20
Pendentives
21
Byzantine Church
Byzantine Bridge
22
G. Gothic (1200-1400)

• Architecture of Cathedrals
• Pointed Arch windows with stained glass
• Flying Buttress
• Notre Dame
• Westminster Abbey

23
Notre Dame
24
Westminster Abbey
25
H. Renaissance (1400-1600)

• New freedom of expression in
• Art
• Literature
• Architecture

26
I. 20th Century

• A. Technological Advances (New Material)
• B. New Construction Methods
• (Skeleton Frame, Cantilever, Curtain Wall)
• C. Some Famous Architects (Frank Llyod Wright,
  Peter Behress,
• Walter Gropius, Eero Saarinen)
• D. The present day (specialized buildings,
  skyscrapers, residential buildings, town
  planning)

27
J. Future

• ?