Burning issue of herbal fuel

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Burning issue of herbal fuel

• Gapped Summary
• 2000 AS UE

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Burning issue of herbal fuel
3
Ramar Pillai is a self-taught scientist from the
(48) state of Tamil, who claims he can turn (49)
into (50).
4
Ramar Pillai is a self-taught scientist from the
(48) state of Tamil Nadu, who claims he can turn
(49) into (50).

• 48. Paragraph 1
• In Tamil Nadu in the south of India, the only
  state where the fuel is sold, motor scooter
  owners

• Tamil Nadu is a state in the south of India.
• (48) will be two words describing what kind of
  state Tamil Nadu is.
• (48) South/Southern Indian

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Ramar Pillai is a self-taught scientist from the
(48) state of Tamil Nadu, who claims he can turn
(49) into (50).

• (49)/(50) Paragraph 1
• the Tamil Nadu school dropout trying to find
  a backer for his secret method of turning herbs
  into fuel.

• What does he claim to be able to do?
• (49) herbs
• (50) fuel

6
Mr. Pillai discovered the secret more that 20
years ago on a (51) when he accidentally set fire
to a leaf.
7
Mr. Pillai discovered the secret more than 20
years ago on a (51) when he accidentally set fire
to a leaf.

• (51) paragraph 3
• He says he discovered the properties of the
  mystery herb during a school picnic in 1978.
  he liked playing with matches and was surprised
  to see a leaf burn.

• 1978 was a little more than 20 years before this
  exam.
• (51) school picnic

8
He dropped out of school and spent many years
looking for the leaf and working on the (52) in
order to be able to produce fuel.
9
He dropped out of school and spent many years
looking for the leaf and working on the (52) in
order to be able to produce fuel.

• Paragraph 3
• He decided to leave school and claims to have
  roamed the jungle for 10 years before finding the
  plant, and then toiled tirelessly in his
  home-made laboratory to perfect his formula.

• Working on the (52) toiled tirelessly in his
  laboratory to perfect his formula
• (52) formula

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Apart from water and some readily-available (53),
there are two necessary secret ingredients needed
to make the fuel the (54) and a (55)
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Apart from water and some readily-available (53),
there are two necessary secret ingredients needed
to make the fuel the (54) and a (55)

• Paragraph 3
• The recipe requires water, the mystery plant,
  the correct quantities of a number of common
  chemicals, , plus a secret catalyst.

• Readily-available common
• (53) chemicals
• Two ingredients are missing the mystery plant
  and a secret catalyst.
• (54) and (55) both only have one blank, so we
  should omit the adjectives.
• (54) plant
• (55) catalyst

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When these are combined, a mixture is initially
produced which will burn although it is not
very (56). If left for a few days, the fuel
content can rise significantly.
13
When these are combined, a mixture is initially
produced which will burn although it is not
very (56). If left for a few days, the fuel
content can rise significantly.

• Paragraph 5
• Given several days, he said, the purity improves
  dramatically to more than 95.

• If the purity improves dramatically, we can
  assume that it isnt very pure at first.
• Will a noun or adjective follow very?
• (56) pure

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studies have shown that the fuel is cheaper
and purer than normal petrol, and that engines
which use the fuel do not need to be (57).
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studies have shown that the fuel is cheaper
and purer than normal petrol, and that engines
which use the fuel do not need to be (57).

• Paragraph 5
• a report concluded after a test that the
  fuel was more economical than regular petrol when
  used in an unmodified engine,

• Do not need to be (57) an unmodified engine
• (57) modified

16
When he first made his breakthrough, because of
its potential importance, Mr. Pillai had to be
guarded by the (58).
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When he first made his breakthrough, because of
its potential importance, Mr. Pillai had to be
guarded by the (58).

• Paragraph 2
• Indian scientists announced he had made an
  amazing breakthrough and officials from his home
  state accorded him police protection.

• Who guarded/protected him?
• (58) police

18
Subsequent studies by the Indian Government,
however, have resulted in Mr Pillais work being
labelled a (59).
19
Subsequent studies by the Indian Government,
however, have resulted in Mr Pillais work being
labelled a (59).

• Paragraph 2
• First they say that Mr Pillai used hollowed out
  spoon filled with petrol in his experiment. Then
  they say
• A statement from the Department was later tabled
  branding Mr. Pillai a fraud.

• branding labelled
• If you say that Mr. Pillai is a fraud, you can
  say the same thing about his work.
• (59) fraud

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Indeed, the Indian Government stated that, in his
demonstrations, Mr. Pillai used a hollowed-out
(60).
21
Indeed, the Indian Government stated that, in his
demonstrations, Mr. Pillai used a hollowed-out
(60).

• Paragraph 2
• A spoon Mr Pillai insisted on using to stir the
  mixture was discovered to have been hollowed out
  and filled with petrol.

• What was hollowed out?
• (60) spoon

22
Back in Tamil Nadu, however, Mr Pillai is
regarded as something of a (61), especially by
those who ride (62).
23
Back in Tamil Nadu, however, Mr Pillai is
regarded as something of a (61), especially by
those who ride (62).

• Paragraph 2
• He has become a folk hero to motorists,
  producing 1,000 litres a day before hordes of
  cheering spectators.
• How do they see Mr Pillai?
• (61) hero

• Motorists are people who drive cars, trucks,
  motorbikes or any other kind of vehicle.
• Find a vehicle that collocates well with ride.
• Scooter riders continue to have faith in him
• (62) scooters

24
He produces a thousand litres of fuel a day which
is then sold to (63) at less than half the (64)
price.
25
He produces a thousand litres of fuel a day which
is then sold to (63) at less than half the (64)
price.

• Paragraph 1
• motor scooter owners queue up to buy it a 10
  rupees (HK2.15) a litre, 15 rupees less than the
  cost of petrol.
• He sells it to motor scooter owners, but we
  only have one blank.

• (63) motorists/people/ customers/etc.
• 10 rupees/litre is a discounted or special price.
• What kind of price is 25 rupees/litre?
• (64) regular

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The demonstration took place at the office of his
(65), Charles Cheung, with Mr Pillai surrounded
by his family and friends.
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The demonstration took place at the office of his
(65), Charles Cheung, with Mr Pillai surrounded
by his family and friends.

• Paragraph 4
• Charles Cheung, the managing director of
  Amalgamated CNG Vehicles, the agency which is
  backing Mr Pillai in Hong Kong.

• What is his (Mr Pillais) relationship with Mr
  Cheung?
• (65) partner/backer/ etc.

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Their presence was necessary in case the formula
was (66), since M Pillai hasnt yet got a (67)
for his formula.
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Their presence was necessary in case the formula
was (66), since M Pillai hasnt yet got a (67)
for his formula.

• Paragraph 4
• a retinue of family and friends looked on,
  making sure his formula did not fall into the
  wrong hands.
• How can use one word to express fall into the
  wrong hands?
• (66) stolen

• (67) can be found in paragraph 3.
• Mr Pillai says he has applied for a patent for
  his fuel and, until he receives it, refuses to
  reveal the plant used.
• Why does Mr. Pillai need to be sure nobody will
  steal his idea?
• (67) patent

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The demonstration appeared to be successful
because the poorly-ventilated office was soon
filled with (68).
31
The demonstration appeared to be successful
because the poorly-ventilated office was soon
filled with (68).

• Paragraph 4
• After drawing off the oil, Mr Pillai demonstrated
  that it burned vigorously, as searing,
  eye-watering fumes filled the room.

• What filled the room?
• (68) fumes/smoke