Egypt Power Point Assignment Overview

1
Egypt Power PointAssignment Overview

• 6th Grade Social Studies
• By Ann Bowen

2
Standards

• Standard 6.2.
• Students analyze the geographic, political,
  economic, religious, and social structures of the
  early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and
  Kush.

3
Purpose

• Students were to research and create a PowerPoint
  Presentation on the development of Egyptian
  Civilization.
• Required topics include
• The impact of geography on the development of
  Egypt
• Religious beliefs and burial practices
• The Social Pyramid/Daily Life
• Important people and rulers
• The development of civilization/government
• A summary of Egyptian achievements
• Free choice items
• Students needed to include graphics to enhance
  their presentati0n.

4
Project Summary

• Students were given the assignment parameters,
  rubric and time to research their topics.
• Research consisted on time in class with the
  text, reference materials and time in the Ibrary
  to research online.
• Students were shown sample projects to set the
  standard for excellence.
• Projects were submitted online via Moodle or on a
  flash drive.
• Students presented their projects in class.

5
Ancient Egypt

• By Jeffrey A. Kramer, Jr.
• Period 4
• December 3, 2008

6
Geography

• Egypt has one of the worlds best geographical
  features. This feature is the Nile River one of
  the largest rivers. The Nile River is were
  civilization was formed. It provided supplies
  for the settlers. The Nile Delta provided a
  fertile piece of land for farming. The fertile
  land was a result of the often flooding of the
  river. The flooding a also caused silt to cover
  the bank. In earlier times the Nile was covered
  in marsh and swamp.

7
Nile River

8
Early Civilization

• The early civilization was split into parts Lower
  Egypt and Upper Egypt. The civilizations were
  started by wealthy farmers. They created kingdoms
  by joining with other wealthy merchants. So the
  kingdoms became bigger and stronger. Soon the
  small rulers became pharaohs.

9
Map of Civilization
10
The Two Kingdoms

• Lower Egypt
• The lower kingdom is located north-west of the
  Nile delta. The capital was called Pe. They used
  the red crown to symbolize the pharaoh.

• Upper Egypt
• The upper kingdom was located on the west bank of
  the Nile. The Capital was named Nekhen.They use
  the white crown to symbolize the pharaoh.

11
Egyptian Crowns

• To the left is the upper kingdoms white crown.
  To the right is the lower kingdoms red crown.
  They are both used to symbolize being the
  pharaoh.

12
Pharaoh

• The pharaoh has many jobs and responsibilities.
  There were many different details and myths that
  go behind a pharaoh. As you flip through the next
  few pages you will learn more.

13
Pharaohs jobs

• The pharaoh wasnt just the ruler of the kingdom.
  They were also the head of the government. They
  control the army. They decide on taxes. They are
  also judges of the people. They were also the
  high priest of the worship of the gods.

14
The myth of the pharaohs

• The pharaoh was thought to be the god, Horus. The
  Egyptians believed that Horus the son of Osiris
  was born on earth to rule. They held high
  religious believe of the pharaohs.

15
Meaning of the pharaoh

• The word pharaoh has not only religious
  background, but also a word meaning. The word
  pharaoh is comes from the word per-aa which
  means great house. The word derived from a
  Latin word.

16
Who was a pharaoh

• The pharaoh was usually a man, but when push come
  to shove there was a women. The pharaoh didnt
  have to be old. There were a few young rulers.
  The pharaoh usually was a single ruler, but there
  was two rulers at times. With two there was
  usually a dominant ruler. So there wasnt a equal
  ruling.

17
Social Order

• The social order was just like you see it. The
  Pharaoh was at the top and slaves at the bottom.
  It also show which group populated the area the
  most. There were more slaves than scribes. Since
  there is only one pharaoh he is on the top.

18
Egyptian Social Pyramid
19
Religion

• The Egyptians worshiped more than one god. They
  had over twenty gods. Each god had a different
  job. Some of the gods were married to one and
  another. They gods had stories about thee
  interaction with other gods. Some of the gods
  were married. The Egyptians did all there
  religious practices through the pharaoh.

20
Burial Practices

• The preparation for the burial took seventy days.
  Many people were involved in the preparation. The
  ceremony when they put the mummy in the tombs it
  was extravagant. The family hired professional
  mourners. The priest were involved in the
  process. There were servants and maids to help.
  The died were faired across the river. In the
  tomb they buried the persons favorite items and
  religious tools.

21
Middle Kingdom

• Dynasty XII ruled The middle kingdom. The kingdom
  started 1991 B.C and ended 1788B.C.

• During the Middle kingdom period they restored
  all of Egypt's wealth. They conquered Nubia.
  Palestine and Syria trade was promoted at that
  time. Architecture, literature, and other arts
  flourished at this time.

22
The New Kingdom

• During these times the kingdom developed a
  permanent army. They became an empire.
  Established it territory and conquered Kush and
  Nubia. They gathered more recourses such as
  slaves, copper, gold, ivory, and ebony.

• The new kingdom was ruled by Dynasty XVIII. The
  new kingdom started in 1554B.C. The kingdom
  ended in 1054B.C.

23
work

• Mens job
• Mens jobs varied from how wealthy you are. Most
  rich men were priest or scribes. Some men were
  soldiers in the army. While other men were
  merchants and craft men. Most men were farmers
  though.

• Womens job
• Womens jobs were very much the same. Most women
  were house wives. But there were a few jobs a
  women could hold. There titles would be
  Supervisor of cloth or Supervisor of wigs.
  Still they could not hold positions like men.

24
Daily Life

• Drink
• The main drink in Egypt was beer. The had wine
  and milk for the upper class. The children had
  watered down beer. They had alcohol because it
  killed all the germs.

• Food
• The Egyptians had a small variety of food. There
  main dish is bread, but you didnt want to eat to
  much of this because they mixed sand in it. They
  had fruits and vegetables. Also cheese was eaten.
  For the upper class there were geese and fish.

25
Daily Life

• Hair
• The hair style was pretty simple. Common folk
  wore their hair short. Some people worn wigs both
  men and women. For the young boys they had a
  shaved head except for a braided lock to one
  side. The young girls wore pig tails to each
  side.

• Clothes
• The women and the girls wore robes and dresses.
  The older men wore skirts from waist to knee. For
  the young boys they had no clothes on. On some
  occasions they wore skirts to.

26
Achievements

• The Egyptians had many achievements. Theres a
  long list. Here is a few Obelisk, Cartouche,
  pyramids, mummification, gods, language,
  calendar, number system, papyrus, laws, court,
  and Book of Dead. One of the achievements is the
  flat roofed house. They made there own brick by
  mixing straw and mud. The purpose of the flat
  roofed house was to watch activities. The doors
  were three feet off the ground to keep out dust.
  To reach the doors they went up ramps. You had to
  go outside and go up an ramp to reach another
  level. Some people had anywhere from 25-30 rooms.

27
Important People

• Some important people are Thutmose III,
  Akhenaten, Hatshepsut, Ramesses the Great,
  Tutankhamen, and Cleopatra VII. These are some of
  the important pharaohs. Some of the pharaohs
  are famous for richness, being a female,
  religious reasons, and for being war heroes.

28
Ancient Egypt
29
Geography
The Nile River is also known as the gift of
Egypt. Their civilization began there. 2/3 of
Egypts fertile was located in the Nile Delta.
30
Early Civilization (two kingdoms)

• The two kingdoms were called Lower Egypt and
  Upper Egypt. To be protected from invaders, the
  villages of Egypt grew. The wealthy farmers
  became village leaders. The strong leaders grew
  to have control over several villages. When 3200
  BC came, the villages had grown, came together
  and formed two kingdoms. Having a lot of
  Egyptians turned out to be a great advantage.

31
Pharaoh

• Pharaohs were rulers of Egypt, also a king and
  a god. The people believed that pharaohs come to
  earth to direct and control Egypt while the gods
  were at rest. Pharaohs took big responsibility of
  dangers such as the crops didnt grow or a
  disease struck. The people also demanded that the
  pharaoh would make trade profitable and to
  prevent wars. The Pharaoh menes combined the
  white crown (from upper Egypt) and the red crown
  (from lower Egypt) as a symbol of his rule of
  Egypt as one whole kingdom.

32
Social Order

• A Pharaoh was a ruler of Egypt as a god. Nobles
  were officials and priests helped run the
  government and with the temples. Scribes and
  Craftspeople wrote and produced goods. Most
  people were farmers, servants, or slaves
• Pharaoh? Nobles? Scribes and Craftspeople?
  Farmers, Servants, and Slaves

33
Religion and Burial Practices

• The Egyptians strongly believed in gods, here
  are a few
• Re, sun god Osiris, god of the underworld
  Isis, goddess of magic Horus, sky god Thoth,
  god of wisdom Geb, earth god Hathor, god of
  music Seth, god of the desert Anubis, god of
  embalming Maat, goddess of justice and Bastet,
  god of cats.
• The Egyptians also believed that after you die,
  you must go in the process of mummification. They
  even had jar called canopic jars to hold a
  certain part of the body. Hapy is the baboon
  headed god who holds and protects the lungs.
  Imsety is the human headed god who holds and
  protects the liver. Duamutef is the jackal headed
  god who holds and protects the stomach.
  Qebehsenuef is the falcon headed god who holds
  and protects the intestines.
• In the process of mummification, you first have
  to take the body would be taken to a tent called
  the ibw, the place of purification. There, the
  body would be thoroughly washed in a solution of
  natron (a naturally occurring compound of sodium
  carbonate and sodium bicarbonate). After being
  washed, the body would go to the tent called the
  per nefer. Now the mummification would really
  start. The internal organs (viscera) would were
  removed, dried, rinsed, bandaged and put into the
  canopic jars they belonged in. Once you were done
  with removing and preserving, the dry natron
  would be mounded on the corpse and left to
  dehydrate for some forty days. After the
  hydration, the stuffing would begin and the dried
  remaining parts would be saved for burial and
  body captivity would be re-stuffed and packed
  with clean natron, resin soaked bandages, and
  various amounts of sweet smelling aromas. The
  brain cavity was filled with linen or resin, the
  openings in the skull packed and artificial eyes
  often added. The whole body would be covered in
  resin but cosmetics were sometimes added to give
  the life-like appearance. The body was the
  bandaged up, this process took about fifteen
  days.

34
Egyptian Achievements

• One of the inventions the Egyptians made was
  the obelisk. The obelisk was said that after your
  death, (if you did not own one) you would be
  forgotten and not known. The cartouche is an
  oblong enclosure with a horizontal line on the
  bottom indicating that the text that is enclosed
  is a royal name. Flat roofed homes were big and
  made out of sun-dried bricks. The bricks were
  made out of mud and straw. Egyptians often sat on
  there roofs to watch the sunset or to catch fresh
  air. Most pyramids were tombs for pharaohs and
  their consorts during the Old and Middle kingdom.
  Mummification is the system to taking care of the
  dead ant to let them live in peace in the after
  life. Egyptians strongly believed in unique gods
  and goddesses. Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphs as
  written language. The Egyptians also invented the
  solar calendar (365 days) and Egyptian calendar
  (360 days). Papyrus is a thick paper like
  material that was made from the papyrus plant.
  The Book of the Dead contained the conception of
  the afterlife, hymns, spells, and the
  instructions to pass the obstacles in the after
  life. Irrigation was the most successful way to
  control water. The number system (including
  fractions) was a great advantage for the
  Egyptians because they used the number system to
  measure, counting, etc.

35
The Middle Kingdom

• Since there was more than one civilization,
  bureaucracy wasnt very effective. Religion was
  controlled by the government, regular people that
  had the right to reserve for royalty alone. They
  could use spells to receive the royal Pyramid
  text on the walls of their own coffin or their
  tomb.

36
The New Kingdom

• The new kingdom began in 1570 - 1070 BC. Ahmose
  reestablished the borders, goals, and government
  of the Middle kingdom and its land reclamation
  program. Ahmose controlled the balance of power
  between the nomarchs and himself with the support
  of the military. The military was then rewarded
  in thanks of their support. In the new kingdom
  the womens importance is illustrated by the high
  titles and positions of the royal wives mother.

37
Food Food gets cooked in ovens or open
fires. For flavoring for bread, some people
sesame seeds, honey, fruit, butter, or herbs.
Food was either baked, stewed, boiled, fried,
grilled, or roasted. Beer was the most popular
beverage. Beer was made out of barley, The
Egyptians used jars, bowls, pans, ladles, sieves,
and whisks to store food and as utensils.
Jewelry Every person in Egypt wore
rings, amulets, earrings, armlets, bracelets,
anklets, or some type of jewelry.

Work and Daily
Hair Girls usually had pigtails or a ponytail.
Boys shaved their heads or put their hair in a
ponytail to the side, top, or back. Boys also
left their hair to be bald.
Marriage Girls get married around the
age 12, boys marry a few years older.
38
Important People

• In Egypt, people made a lot of differences and
  changes. Some important people are Cleopatra and
  Ramesses. Cleopatra the VII was queen of Egypt
  from 51 to 30 B.C.E. She fought with Mark
  Anthony, ruler of Rome, and became a strong
  leader. According to legend she died of a bite by
  an asp to avoid being captured by Octavian.
  Cleopatra lived from 69 to 30 B.C.E. Another
  person is Ramesses the III. He ruled during the
  rest of the Mediterranean World was at flux.
  Ramesses then died and was buried in the Valley
  of the Kings.

39
Summary

• I still feel the same about Egypt Egyptian
  life and culture is amazing in many ways. The
  culture has developed and improved so much that I
  am still amazed by the art work it has brought to
  us, and our minds. There are so many facts to
  learn and share with others. If there were
  anything I could tell someone, it would be to
  study Egypt because Egypt is important and
  interesting. Those facts may come in handy in a
  various amount of ways. My favorite part of my
  research was learning about the mummification
  process. The reason why that part was most
  interesting was because the details and steps
  interest me. Those facts will probably stick with
  me forever because I am blissful about that
  subject. The worst part about my research was,
  well nothing. This topic interests me so nothing
  is really wrong while doing my research.