Exploring American History Unit X

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Exploring American HistoryUnit X Modern America

• Chapter 30 Searching for Order
• Section 2 America in the 1970s

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America in the 1970s

• The Big Idea
• Americans faced major challenges both at home and
  around the world in the 1970s.
• Main Ideas
• American society debated key social issues during
  the 1970s.
• Jimmy Carter was elected president in 1976.
• Carter had successes as well as failures in
  foreign policy during his administration.

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Main Idea 1 American society debated key social
issues during the 1970s.

• The American population was changing in the
  1970s.
• America faced new challenges in finding ways to
  balance the views of all Americans.
• The Equal Rights Amendment
• 1972 Title IX.
• In 1973 Roe v. Wade.

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Issues of the 1970s
Affirmative Action

• Environment
• Biologist Rachel Carson
• April 22, 1970, Earth Day.
• New laws.
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970

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Main Idea 2Jimmy Carter was elected president
in 1976.

• Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter defeated
  Republican nominee Gerald Ford in a close 1976
  election.
• Carter faced many challenges.
• Carter hoped to use nuclear energy to help solve
  energy crisis.
• Three Mile Island nuclear power plant .

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President Jimmy Carter
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Main Idea 3Carter had successes as well as
failures in foreign policy during his
administration.

• Carter favored policies that promoted human
  rights the basic rights and freedoms of all
  people.
• Reduced U.S. aid
• South African apartheid
• sanctions

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Carters Foreign Policy

• Human Rights

• Soviet Relations
• SALT II talks in 1979 that limited nuclear weapons

Recognizing China
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Latin America and the Soviet Union

• Policy in Latin America
• In 1977 Panama Canal
• Relations with the Soviet Union
• Détente broke down
• Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Carter broke
  off arms talks and refused to allow athletes to
  participate in 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

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Panama Canal Treaties

• Why-
• The U.S. had been in control of Canal since 1903
  and could be forever.
• Riots in Panama demanding control of canal, the
  biggest industry in Panama.
• Panamanian Dictator Omar Torrijos threatened to
  blow up the canal if the U.S. didn't get out.
• 1st Treaty
• U.S. hands over Canal to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999
• 2nd Treaty
• Canal to be neutral waterway
• U.S. has permanent right to protect and defend
  that neutrality.

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Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan- 1979

• U.S. embargoes grain sales and technology, and
  culture exchanges to USSR.
• U.S. and 61 other nations boycott the 1980 Summer
  Olympics in Moscow
• The Soviet stay in Afghanistan until April 14,
  1988- Soviet Vietnam.

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The Middle East

• Carter worked to ease tensions in the Middle
  East.
• In 1978 Camp David Accords.
• In 1979, rebels in Iran.
• On November 4, 1979
• The Iran hostage crisis lasted for more than a
  year.

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Camp David Accords

• Camp David Accords- 1977
• Anwar Sadat- new President of Egypt- wants peace
  with Israel.
• Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel
• President Jimmy Carter of U.S.A
• All three meet at Camp David, the presidential
  retreat.
• Sept. 17. 1978 peace agreement reached.
• Other Arab nation objected and said Egypt acts
  alone. Arabs put a economic boycott on Egypt.

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Iran and the United States

• Shah of Iran
• Improved education
• Womens rights
• Improved public health
• U.S. ally
• but was a dictator, corrupt, and used torture to
  westernize
• Islamic revolution
• Overthrew the Shah. Shah goes to US for Cancer
  treatment
• Ayatollah Khomeini- New Fanatical Muslim leader
  of Iran
• Fundamental Islam
• U.S. Embassy in Teheran
• Our interest were oil based.
• Islamic fundamentalist mob invades embassy and
  siezed the Americans there.
• Demand return of Shah and unfreeze Iranian assets
• Carter refuses the demands
• Hostage Crisis- 52 for 444 days

Kathryn L. Koob, 42 - Embassy Cultural Officer
one of two female hostages.